| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Triple Alliance Powers | germany, austia/hungary, italy (ottoman turks) |
| Triple Entente | great britain, France, and russia (serbia) |
| Treaty of Versailles | Peace Treaty; germany lost a lot of territory, germany's military power was restricted, no draft, no manufacture of arms, no navy or air force, germany guilty of causing the war and had to pay costs to winners |
| Beer Hall Putsh | 1923; failed attemt by Hitler to take over Hitler so he was put in jail, |
| Mein Kampf | my struggle; a book by Hitler that combines elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's National Socialist political ideology, Hitler wrote it during his time in jail, set forth his plan for conquering the world |
| Appeasement | giving into pressure; many countries didn’t oppose Hitler’s moves in order to maintain peace |
| Neville Chamberlain | the English Prime minister who supported the policy of appeasement; gave part of Czechoslovakia to Hitler and he also gave up the Irish Free State Royal Navy ports |
| Anschluss | Germany annexed Austria and forced them to give-in |
| Blitzkrieg | "lightning warfare”; 1939; overwhelm enemy with fire power; Hitler invaded Poland and conquered it and soon after, Britain and France declare war on Germany, starting WWII |
| Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact | 1938; if Russia let Hitler invade Poland then Hitler would not invade Russia and Russia could have the eastern part of Poland |
| Swastika | the symbol of the Nazi party |
| NAZI | National Socialist German Workers’ Party lead by Hitler; an anti-semitic and fascist political party that established a totalitarian dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945 |
| Fuhrer | means leader in german; the term for Adolf Hitler |
| Third Reich | a common English name for Germany under Hitler and the Nazi Party |
| Final Solution | the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question” was to transport Jews to death camps where they were gassed and buried in large mass graves; the final solution was genocide |
| Genocide | purposeful mass killing of an ethnic or racial group of people |
| Kristallnacht | a Nazi pogrom throughout Germany and Austria on the night of November 9–10, 1938, during which Jews were killed and their property destroyed |
| Ghetto | an enclosed area where certain racial groups are forced to live by the government |
| Holocaust | The systematic, state-sponsered, murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators |
| Pogrom | government organized destruction and massares or persecution, government permits damage |
| Gestapo, S.S | the German state secret police during the Nazi regime; known for its brutal methods and operations; |
| Lebensraum | concept used by Hitler to rationalize his conquering; additional territory considered by Nazi Germany to be necessary for national survival or for the expansion of trade |
| Mussolini | Italian Fascist dictator and prime minister who formalized an alliance with Germany and brought Italy into World War II. Dismissed by Victor Emmanuel III, he led the Nazi government in northern Italy until 1945, when he was assassinated. |
| Axis Powers | a group of countries that opposed the Allied powers in World War II, including Germany, Italy, and Japan as well as Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia |
| Allies | : a group of countries that opposed the Axis powers in World War II, including the USA, France, England, and the USSR |
| Scorched Earth Policy | When Hitler broke the peace pact with the Soviet Union and entered, the Soviet Union wasn’t prepared. The used a scorched earth tactic by burning houses and land to leave no food for the Germans |
| Winston Churchill | the leader of Britain during WWII who guided England through the Battle of Britain |
| Franklin Roosevelt | the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms and this was because the country was not ready to elect a new president in the middle of WWI. Roosevelt provided Lend-Lease aid to Winston Churchill and the "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II" British war effort before America's entry into the war. |
| Joseph Stalin | During Stalin's reign, the Soviet Union played a major role in the defeat of Germany in the WWII. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union went on to be one of just two superpowers in the post-war era |
| The New Deal | title that FDR gave to a sequence of programs and promises he made with the goal of giving humanitarain aid relieft to the needy, reform of the finacial system, and recovery of the economy of the United States during the Great Depression |
| The Cold War | the two super-powers that came out of WWII (USA and USSR) started to compete for land, economic power, political power, and military/world influencce. It came to be called the Cold War and lasted from 1945-1988 and erupted into the Korean War and the Vietnam War |
| Harry Truman | he succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt, who died less than three months after he began his fourth term and left Truman with the mess after WWII |
| Hiroshima/Nagasaki | America’s new atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by the crew of the American B-29 bomber directly killing an estimated 80,000 people because Japan would not surender, and when they still didn’t surrender, the bomb was dropped on Nagasaki |
| Truman Doctrine | financial aid from the US to keep countries from turning communist |
| Marshall Plan | US gave financial aid to a recovering Europe so that countries would not turn communist |
| Containment | a policy created by the US to control the spread of communism |
| Pearl Harbor | December 7 1941; the site of a naval base after the United States annexed Hawaii in 1900. On Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the base, and the United States entered World War II the following day. |
| 1914-1918 | World War I |
| 1939-1945 | World War II |
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