AP EURO top 20 Mr.kov
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duckpuck109 on October 5, 2010
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Chapter 14 top 20.
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pluralism | The practice where clerics held several benefices (or offices) simultaneously but never performed their responsibilities- it was a conflict of interest. |
| Martin Luther | German Augustinian Friar who's 95 Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation. |
| Diet of Worms | Assembly of the Estates of the Empire, summoned by Charles V which ordered Martin Luther to recant. |
| Ulrich Zwingli | Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland. Admired Erasmus. He was convinced that christian life rested on scriptures. He disagreed with Luther on the nature of the Eucharist. |
| Justification by Faith | Martin Luther's concept that faith alone is enough to bring salvation. |
| Catechism | an elementary book summarizing the principles of a Christian religion. Luther wrote " Larger Catechism" which contained brief sermons on the main articles of faith and "shorter catechism" which gave concise explanations of doctrine in question and answer form. |
| Hapsburg Dynasty | A family that controlled Spain, part of Italy, and part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was extremely powerful until the Thirty Years' War. |
| Charles V | Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). He attempted to crush the reformation. |
| Peace of Augsburg | Ended the religious wars. The division of Christianity was formally acknowledged, with Lutheranism granted equal legal standing with Catholicism.Each prince could determine his territory's religion. |
| John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564). Developed at Geneva. He studied law. |
| Predestination | doctrine of John Calvin that adhered to the idea that each person's fate is predetermined by God. |
| Anabaptists | A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization. They believed in religious toleration and allowed women into the ministry. |
| Pope Clement VII | Denied Henry VIII request for the innulment of his marrage to Catherine of Aragon. |
| Supremacy Act | Who: Henry VIII Where: England When: 1534 What: declared the king supreme head of the Church of England Why: so the King could grant himself an annulment Significance: this increased the power of the English monarch and decreased the influence of Rome. It was repealed in 1554 by Mary I and then reinstated by Elizabeth I. |
| Puritans | Returning exiles to England who wanted to "purify" England of Catholic elements. |
| Anglican Church | Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death |
| Council of Trent | a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. They wanted to secure reconciliation with Protestants. Paul III called the council. |
| Angela Merici | founded the Ursuline Order of Nuns in the 1530s to give education and religious training to women. She wanted to combat heresy through Christian education. |
| Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. Converted many and spread Christian education all over Europe. |
| Inquisition | A religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution. Was ruled by Holy Office. Operated under principles of roman law. |
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