| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Former Slaves | Left the south for an opportunity to own land or work as cowboys |
| Westward Expansion | A period when people settled the Great Plains and the remaining frontier |
| Transcontinental railroad | Railway that stretched from the Atlantic to Pacific coasts |
| Gold rush | Started a rush west in the hopes of getting rich quickly |
| Cattle drives | Important because cow towns developed |
| Homestead Act | Provided the opportunity to own 160 acres of land |
| Reservations | Were limited areas set aside for Native Americans |
| Little Bighorn | This battle in which Crazy Horse defeated Colonel George Custer was one of the few Native American victories in the Indian Wars |
| Chief Joseph | the leader of the Nez Perces who tried to escape with his tribe to Canada |
| Boom Towns | These grew near all the major mining sites and lasted only a few years |
| Railroads | Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west |
| Steel plow | Was invented because hard sod broke wooden tools |
| Dry farming | created/practiced because of little rain and water and because harsh climate (on the plains) killed traditional crops |
| Sod houses | Were built because there were few trees |
| Barbed wire fences | used to stop Buffalo and cows from eating or trample crops |
| John D Rockefeller | Oil industry |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel industry |
| Henry Ford | Automobile industry |
| J P Morgan | Banking industry |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Railroad industry |
| Lower Production costs | led to high profits for business owners but low salaries for workers |
| Monopoly | A company that controls all or nearly all of the business of a particular industry |
| Mass Production | Making large quantities of one product quickly and cheaply |
| Assembly Line | Produced by Ford to cut the time needed to build a car |
| Mechanization | Reduced the need for farm workers and increase production |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | Prohibits trusts or other lines of business from limiting competition |
| Electricity | Helped industry grow by providing power for machines |
| Labor Unions | Workers organized these to gain better pay, safer work conditions, and shorter work hours |
| National Markets | Railroads helped big business by creating these (customers across all of America) |
| Thomas Edison | developed many inventions, such as the light bulb, motion picture machine, and the phonograph |
| Alexander Graham Bell | He helped industry grow by improving communication with the invention of the telephone |
| Child Labor | Business owners used this kind of labor because they could spend less on their salaries |
| Captains of Industry | Owners of bid business were often called ___ (Rockefeller, Carnegie...) |
| Advertising | This helped big business grow by informing potential customers of their product |
| Unskilled workers | Growing factories meant an increased demand for ___ (type of workers) to run the machinery |
| Pull Factors | Conditions that attract an immigrant to a new land |
| Angell Island | Many Asians were processed on this island in the San Fran Bay |
| Tenement | A rundown apartment in a city that was often shared by many families |
| Hull House | A community set up by Jane Addams that offered services to the poor |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | This barred the immigration of Chinese laborers and was the first limit on immigration into the United States |
| Discrimination | Many immigrants faced this because of differences in clothing,language,and culture |
| Statue of Liberty | In honor of the Declaration of Independence, France gave this to the U.S. |
| push factors | Are often conditions that drive people to leave their homes and countries |
| Assimilation | The process of becoming part of another culture |
| Ellis Island | European immigrants were processed here, where they had to wait in line for hours to receive medical examination |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote about unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry (author of The Jungle) |
| Susan B Anthony | She worked for women's suffrage (right to vote) |
| Jane Addams | Founder of the Hull House |
| Settlement house | A community center created to help immigrants adjust to life in America |
| Muckrakers | Newspaper reporters who exposed corruption and targeted specific issues such as tenements, big business, and city governments (Upton Sinclair was one of these) |
| Temperance | The movement to prohibit the production and consumption of alcohol (not prohibition act) |
| Suffrage | The movement to gain women the right to vote |
| Jim Crow | Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government |
| American Federation of Labor | Founded by Samuel Gompers, a successful labor union |
| 19th Amendment | This amendment granted women the right to vote |
| 18th Amendment | This amendment prohibited the production, sales, and transportation of alcohol (caused people to open speakeasies and bootleg) |
| Isolationism | The U.S. practiced this foreign policy from the time of George Washington's presidency until the late 1800s |
| William Seward | When Russia sold Alaska to the U.S. for $7.2 mil, many Americans thought ___'s purchase was foolish (___'s icebox, ___'s folly) |
| Imperialism | The growth of this foreign policy in the 1800s stemmed from economic, religious, and competitive issues in Europe (kind of like being a world power) |
| Rough Riders | TR (Teddy Roosevelt) organized the First Volunteer Calvary Regiment, known as the ___ |
| Battle of San Juan Hill | TR (Teddy Roosevelt) led the Rough Riders to victory in ___ during the Spanish-American War |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | A Fillipino helped the U.S. fight Spain during the war; however, when the U.S. would not give the Philippines their independence, he fought against the U.S. |
| Manila | Commodore George Dewey sailed here (somewhere in/by Asia) and destroyed the Spanish ships, allowing American troops to take over the Philippines |
| USS Maine | President McKinley sent this ship to Havana, Cuba, to protect the American citizens and property (eventually blew up and the U.S. blamed Spain) |
| The Philippines and Cuba | The Spanish-American War was fought in these 2 places |
| The Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico | These 3 countries came under U.S. control as a result of the Spanish-American War |
| Yellow Journalism | U.S. newspapers printed exaggerated stories known as ___ (got its name because the newspapers used to get smudged by the color from the comic strip "The Yellow Kid" |
| German War Plan (WWI) | This plan was to go through neutral Belgium to France |
| President Woodrow Wilson | He wanted Americans to stay out of the war (WWI) and trade with both sides (Allied Powers and Central Powers) |
| The Allied Powers | Consisted of Italy, France, Russia, and England |
| The Central Powers | Consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulagaria, and the Ottoman Empire |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | The event which triggered the start of WWI was the assassination of ___ |
| Lusitania | When the Germans sank this U.S. ship, the U.S. threatened to cut off trade with them |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Germany sent the ___ to Mexico to form an alliance with them against the U.S. |
| Trench Warfare | The fighting in Europe was called ___ (blank warfare) |
| Militarism | The principle or policy of maintaining a large military establishment |
| British Blockade | This stopped the U.S. from trading with Germany |
| Machine Guns | These weapons fire a very fast stream of bullets for a long time (500-600 bullets/min) |
| Airplanes, submarines, and tanks | were new weapons (in WWI) that changed the way war was fought |
| Tanks | Are large trucks covered with heavy metal |
| "No-man's land" | This is the area lying between armies and controlled by neither side |
| totalitarianism | when the government(or dictator) has TOTAL control of the country; ex: Germany, Italy, USSR |
| Nazi | the political group that took over Germany |
| appeasement | giving someone or country what they want in return for peace |
| lend-lease program | a program where U.S. supplied Britain, USSR, France & China with war materials |
| blitzkrieg | a sudden violent attack (Germans used this) |
| Holocaust | where Jews, Gypsies, and many others were exterminated |
| Manhattan project | a project where scientists worked to make an atomic bomb |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | the places in Japan where U.S. dropped atomic bombs |
| Franklin Roosevelt | president of the USA during the Great Depression & WWII |
| Harry Truman | FDR's vice prez. took over when he died. made the decision to drop the atomic bomb |
| Dwight Eisnehower | 5-star rank. became prez. head of army. planed D-day |
| Douglas MacArthur | an american general of Philippine Army, Accepted Japan's surrender |
| Hideki Tojo | Japan's prime minister. ordered attack on pearl harbor |
| Adolf Hitler | dictator of Germany |
| Winston Churchill | prime minister of Britain |
| Mussolini | dictator of italy |
| Joseph Stalin | Russian dictator of USSR |
| WWII ended the Great Depression | What impact did WWII have on the Great Depression |
| America, England, USSR, Canada, France | the allies |
| Nazi Germany, Japan, Italy | the axis |
| union jack | the British flag |
| rationing, moving, war bonds, higher taxes, people were drafted | Impact on everyday people |
| more job opertunties, responsibilities, and freedom | impact on women |
| great migration, increase of job oppertunities, fought in war | impact on African Americans |
| battle of britain | the air battle between the British and Germans, the Germans tried to knock the british out of the war but it didnt work |
| pearl harbor | the Japanese attack on pearl harbor that pulled America into the war |
| d-day | the allied invasion of France |
| stalingrad | when USSR stopped the German invasion of Russia and started getting back at Germany |
| Battle of the bulge | last German offensive against the invading allies, Germany lost |
| MIdway | first major American victory over the Japanese |
| iwo Jina | a battle over an island that the us wanted to use as a air base |
| okinawa | last battle against Japan before the Atomic bomb |
| Germany was depressed; hitler rose to power; totalitarianism | what were the causes of WWII |
| to make Japan surrender | Why did US drop the atomic bomb |
| They were moved to concentrationcamps | What happened to Japanese Americans? |
| Atomic age, United Nations, Germany was split, USSR and US were world powers, Japan controlled by US | What were some results of the war? |
| President Truman | us president during start of cold war |
| Joseph Stalin | the ussr leader in the beginning of the war |
| President Eisenhower | signed the truce that brought an armed peace along the border of South Korea |
| President Kennedy | president during, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the American Civil Rights Movement and early events of the Vietnam War. |
| Khrushchev | After Joseph Stalin died _______ became the leader of USSR |
| President Johnson | us president, authorized sending of combat troops to Vietnam |
| President Nixon | pulled US out of war in Vietnam |
| Mao Zedong | the person who led the communist revolution in CHINA |
| Ho Chi Minh | took control of N. Vietnam, supported communism |
| Fidel Castro | led the communist revolution in CUBA |
| President Reagan | started "star wars" escalated the Cold war (hint: he used to be an actor) |
| Gorbachev | last head of USSR, made many reforms that gave people more freedom |
| President George H.W. Bush | president when the Cold War ended |
| Cold war | the competition between the us and the ussr over which nation would dominate the post-war era |
| marshall plan | US gave Europe money to rebuild after WWII |
| truman doctrine/containment | US would stop communism from spreading to new nations |
| satellite nation | a nation that appears to be independent but is really controlled by another nation (in this case the USSR-everything revolves around the USSR *hint hint*) |
| iron curtain | the imaginary border between communist and capitalist Europe (or east and west) |
| domino theory | the fear that if one nation in a region went communist, others would follow |
| N.A.T.O. North Atlantic Treaty Organization | us, canada, western europe belonged to... |
| Warsaw pact | ussr and eastern europe part of... |
| M.A.D. | mutually assured destruction |
| McCarthyism | the intense anti-communist suspicion led by Joseph McCarthy (also called red scare) |
| Vietnaminzation | When Nixon tried to encourage S. Vietnam to take more responsibility. He replaced American soldiers with S. Vietnam ones. |
| Detente | the permanent relaxation in international affairs during the cold war |
| S.A.L.T. | Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- the limitation of weapons |
| Sputnik | the first man made satellite sent into outer space (sent by ussr) |
| Star Wars | the missile defense system |
Combine with other sets
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