Sociology Chapters 8-9 Deviance and Family and Society
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Deviance | A departure from the norm. |
| Stigma | The mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from other members of society who regard themselves as "normal". |
| Informal Norms/Social Control | Involving the approval or disapproval of significant others.. Rules that are not written down and not officially defined as rules. |
| Formal Norms/Social Control | Involving those in positions responsible for enforcing norms. Norms that are publicly stated and may have an officially determined consequence. |
| Primary deviance | Used to refer to behavior violating a norm. |
| Secondary deviance | The behavior that results from the social response to such deviance. |
| Control theory | The theory that both inner and outer controls work against deviant tendencies. People have various restraints: internal controls such as conscience, values, integrity, morality, and the desire to be a "good person" and outer controls, such as police, family, friends, and religious authorities. These inner and outer restraints form a person's self control. |
| Differential-association theory | Addressed the issue of how people learn deviance. The environment play a major role in deciding what norms people learn to violate in this theory. People within a particular reference group provide norms of conformity and deviance, and thus heavily influence the way other people look at the world, including how they react. |
| Anomie theory | A theory used to describe the differences between socially accepted goals and the availability of means to achieve those goals. Those who find the "road to riches" closed to them experience anomie, because an obstacle has thwarted their pursuit of a socially approved goal. It explains many forms of deviance but not how it is learned. |
| Labeling theory | This theory is a type of symbolic interaction. It concerns the meanings people derive from one another's labels, symbols, actions, and reactions. This theory holds that behaviors are deviant only when society labels them as deviant. As such, conforming members of society determine the distinction between deviance and non-deviance. |
| Kinship | Introduction of symbolic meaning or value to actual or imagined blood ties. |
| Marriage | Social group consisting of two or more people, related by marriage, blood, or adoption, that often reside together. A legally sanctioned union that ideally involves both economic cooperation and sexual intimacy between husband and wife. |
| Family of orientation | Unit into which a person is born. |
| Family of procreation | Unit usually occurring in adulthood when people are able to form social groups of their own through procreation or adoption. |
| Nuclear family | Unit that consists of people of the opposite sex who are in a socially approved sexual union and living with their children. |
| Extended family | Unit in which the notion of consanguinity has been extended beyond the immediate family to those families who are indirectly linked by blood. |
| Patriarchy | When the father is vested authority. |
| Matriarchy | When the mother is vested authority. |
| Patrilineal | When decent is traced through the father. |
| Matrilineal | When decent is traced through the mother. |
| Endogamy | Marriage within certain specific groups. |
| Exogamy | Marriage outside certain specific groups. |
| Monogamy | Having one spouse at a time. |
| Polygamy | Having more than one spouse at a time. |
| Polygyny | The practice of a man having several wives at once. |
| Polyandry | The practice of a woman having several husbands at once. |
| Group marriage | A marriage between two or more men and two or more women. |
| Patrilocality | When newlyweds reside with the husband's extended family. |
| Matrilocality | When newlyweds reside with the wife's extended family. |
| Neolocality | When newlyweds live in a new or separate residence. |
| Levirate | A practice that obliges a man to marry his brother's widow or suffer disgrace. |
| Primogeniture | A practice that permits the transmission of property to the eldest son. |
| Ultimogeniture | A practice that permits the transmission of property to the youngest son. |
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