| Term | Definition |
| extended metaphor | a metaphor that is extended or developed over a number of lines or two incongruous elements; incongruity can also be used for humor |
| subjective reporting | a style of writing or reporting in which the writer openly expresses emotions and attitudes towards events and characters |
| objective reporting | a style of writing or reporting in which the writer keeps his or her feelings at a distance |
| imagery | the use of language to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, a thing, a place, or an experience |
| repetition | the repeating of a sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, stanza, or metrical pattern is a basic unifying device in all poetry |
| characterization | the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character |
| satire | a type of writing that ridicules the shortcomings of people or institutions in an attempt to bring about a change; it can cover a wide range of tones, from gentle spoofing to savage mockery |
| absurdist tradition | twentieth-century works that depict the absurdity of the modern human condition, often with implicit reference to humanity's loss or lack of religious, philosophical, or cultural roots |
| internal conflict | the struggle between opposing forces within a person’s mind |
| external conflict | the struggle between opposing forces or characters in a story; it can exist between two people, between a person and nature or a machine, or between a person and a whole society |
| magic realism | a genre developed in Latin America that juxtaposes the everyday with the marvelous or magical |
| paradox | a statement that appears self-contradictory but that reveals a kind of truth |
| interior monologue | a narrative technique that records a character’s internal flow of thoughts, memories, and ideas |