cell organelles general biology
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Created by:
dkoons on October 6, 2010
Classes:
Biology VGW, Biology, General Biology, Honors Biology
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleus | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| nuclear membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| nuclear pore | A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins |
| ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | A network of membranes inside eukarytoic cells invovled in lipid synthesis (steroid in gonads), detoxification (in liver cells), and/or Ca2+ storage (muscle cells). |
| Golgi Apparatus | Organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and send proteins to their final destination |
| lysosomes | vesicles that bud from the Golgi apparatus and that contain digestive enzymes |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| chloroplast | Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| central vacuole | a membrane-bound sac within the cytoplasm that is filled with water and dissolved substances. stores metabolic wastes and gives a plant cell support by means of turgor pressure |
| centrioles | One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division. |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| vault | newly discovered organelle that is thought to play a role in the transport of molecules (such as mRNA) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| chromsome | Threadlike strands of DNA and protein in a cell nucleus that carry the code for the cell characteristics of an organism. |
| vacuoles | saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| endomembrane system | The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles; includes the nuclear membrane, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles. |
| cytoskeleton | A meshwork of fine fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules |
| microfilaments | The thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a solid, helical rod composed of the globular protein actin |
| intermediate filaments | An intermediate-sized protein fiber that is one of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments are ropelike, made of fibrous proteins. |
| microtubules | The thickest of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell; a straight, hollow tube made of globular proteins called tubulins. These form the basis of the structure and movement of cilia and flagella. |
| prokaryote | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |
| eukaryote | A type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. All organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells. |
| cell theory | This says that all living things are made of cells, that cells are the basic unit of structure and function and that cells only come from other cells. |
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