1.
ACTION POTENTIAL: the depolarization that initiates a flow of electricial current that is known as:
2.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT: does require energy from ATP
3.
BENIGN: not cancerous, cells don't spread
4.
CAMs = CELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULES: proteins on cell surfaces that allow them to stick to other cells, responsible for allowing white blood cells to attach to a damaged tissue and initiate inflammation.
5.
CELL PERMEABILITY DEPENDS ON :: solubility, molecular size, electrical charge
6.
CHOLESTEROL: molecules help stablilize the plasma membrane.
7.
CRENATION: RBCs exposed to a hypertonic solution, water will flow out of the cells, causing them to shrivel up.
8.
CYTOSOL: fluid material between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane.
9.
DEPOLARIZED: alterations in the distributionof ions at the membrane surfaces will cause a change in the voltage, the cell is said to be:
10.
DIFFERENTIATE: when cells develop unique characteristics they are said to:
11.
DNA: in the nucleus of each somatic cell there are 46 separate strands of...
12.
ELECTRICAL CHARGE: the phospholipid bilayer is impermeable to all charged molecules and ions, these will require assistance in the form of integral proteins
13.
ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT: there is a difference in the number and type of ions that are found along the inner and outer membrane surface, this creates what is known as an:
14.
ENDOCYTOSIS: movement into cells
15.
EXOCYTOSIS: movement out of cell
16.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION: molecules that connot get through the phospholipid bilayer may move across the membrane by traveling through specific integral proteins that act as carriers or transport proteins.
17.
FIBROUS PROTEIN: proteins that are not chemially active but serve to support cell structure.
18.
FILTRATE: term that refers to what has been filtered through the spm is:
19.
FUNCTION OF INTEGRAL PROTEINS: act as carriers that move substances across the membrane ECF-ICF
20.
GAMETE: the term used to refer either to the sperm or the egg
21.
GLOBULAR PROTEIN: proteins that have unique 3-D shapes and are chemically very active.
22.
GLYCOPROTEINS: proteins with carbohydrate chains attached
23.
HEMOLYSIS: RBCs exposed to a hypotonic solution, water will flow into the cells and can actually cause them to burst
24.
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE: the force that drives filtration is:
25.
HYPERTONIC: the solution with the HIGHER concentration of solute than the other solution.
26.
HYPOTONIC: the solution with the LOWER solute concentration than the other.
27.
INTEGRAL PROTEINS: these span the width of the membrane, go all the way through from the outside of the cell to inside of the cell, many have hollow centers
28.
ISOTONIC: used when both solutions have the same concentration of solute.
29.
MALIGNANT: cancerous, abnormally dividing cells
30.
MEIOSIS: the 2-stage process that occurs in the ovaries or testes and results in the formation of gametes that have 1 of each chromosome
31.
METASTASIS: spread of cancerous cells away from their point of origin
32.
METASTASIS: of cancer = the spread of cancerous cells from one organ to a more distant one.
33.
MITOSIS: the process by which the somatic cells divide and form repllicas of themselves
34.
MOLECULAR SIZE: large molecules have a hard time
35.
MOVING DOWN A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT: simple diffusion- the diffusing substance is said to:
36.
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE: nucleus is enclosed by its own membrane call the:
37.
ONCOLOGY: study of cancer
38.
OSMOSIS: the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
39.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT: does not require ATP
40.
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS: don't go all the way through the membrane, may be inside or outside.
41.
PHAGOCYTOSIS: cell eating
42.
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER: a double layer of phospholipids whose orientation is due to their amphiphilic nature.
43.
PINOCYTOSIS: cell drinking
44.
PLASMA MEMBRANE: forms the outer boundary of the cell, regulates movement of substance into and out of cell
45.
RBCs EXPOSED TO AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION: will not gain or lose h2o
46.
RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS: involves receptor sites on membrane proteins that are specific for a particular substance taht the cell wants to take in.
47.
RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL: measurable voltage across the membrane of a resting nerve or muscle cell that is called the:....cell in this state is said to be polarized
48.
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY: refers to the idea that the membrane restricts passage of some substances and permits passage of others into or out of the cell.
49.
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE: plasma membrane has unique chemical and physical characteristics which permit it to regulate what substances can get into or out of the cell
50.
SIMPLE DIFFUSION: the tendency of atoms, molecules, or ions in a liquid or air solution to move spontaneously from where there are more of them to where there are fewer of them.
51.
SOLUBILITY EXAMPLES:: lipid solluble substances pass easily through lipid bilayer; water-soluble substances DO NOT pass must be moved across via membrane proteins
52.
SOLUTE: the stuff that is dissolved in that water.
53.
SOLVENT: the water which is in the cytosol or ECF
54.
SOMATIC CELLS: all the cells in the human body except for the sperm and the egg
55.
STEEPNESS: greater the difference in the amount of the diffusing substance, the faster diffusion will occur.
56.
STEM CELL: cell that can, with biochemical instructiuons, become any of the 260 types of cells our bodies r made of
57.
TMAX: if all the carrier proteins for glucose are being used it is said taht transport is occurring at the maximum rate possible.
58.
ZYGOTE: single celled fertilized egg called a:
