Test2 lec2 [Fungal Identification]
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fungi | Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophs: organic compounds Sterols present in membrane No peptidoglycan in cell wall Saprophytes 100,000 species (100 are pathogenic) Mycology: Study of fungi Molds Yeasts |
| Molds | Thallus (body) Hyphae (filaments) - Septate (septa or crosswalls) - Coenocytic (nonseptate) (no septa) Mycelium (filamentous mass of hyphae) - vegetative (nutrients) - aerial (reproduction) |
| Yeasts | Nonfilamentous Unicellular Spherical or oval Reproduce by budding |
| Dimorphism | Fungi exhibit two forms of growth -- 37C: grow as yeast -- 25C: grow as mold |
| Life Cycle of Fungi: Spores from Aerial Mycelia | Asexual Spores - One organism - genetically identical to parent - Sporangiospore (in a sac) (sporangium-sac) - Conidia: not enclosed in sac Sexual spores - Fusion of nuclei from 2 opposite mating strains |
| Nutritional Adaptations of Fungi | Grow in pH of 5.0 Molds: aerobic Yeasts: facultative anaerobes Grow in high sugar or salt, low moisture Require less nitrogen Metabolize complex carbohydrate |
| Fungal Diseases | Mycosis: fungal infection Usually chronic (grow slowly) infection Five groups based on degree of tissue involvement and mode of entry into body systemic, subcutaneous, cutaneous, superficial, and opportunistic |
| Systemic Mycoses | Deep within the body Affect number of tissues and organs Caused by saprophytic fungi that live in soil Route of transmission: inhalation of spores Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis) |
| Subcutaneous mycoses | Beneath the skin Caused by saprophytic fungi that live in soil and on vegetation Route of transmission: Direct implantation of spores in puncture wound Sporothrix schenckii : gardeners |
| Cutaneous Mycoses (Dermatomycoses) | Caused by dermatophytes (fungi that infect only skin, nails and hair) Secrete keratinase Route of transmission: direct contact - human to human - contact with infected hairs and epidermal cell Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum |
| Opportunistic mycoses | Generally harmless in normal habitat Become pathogenic in host who is immunocompromised Mucormycosis: Rhizopus and Mucor Aspergillosis: Aspergillus - lung infections Candidiasis: Candida albicans - yeast infection, oral thrush |
| mycosis | fungal infection |
| Coenocytic | no septa |
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