Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5
About this set
Created by:
jessiediaz24 on October 7, 2010
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 axial skeleton | the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of the liimbs and girldels |
| skeletal system | includes bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments |
| functions of the bone | support- forms an internal framework; protection- protect the soft organs; movement- attached to bones and tendons, use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts; storage- sores fats and other minerals and nutrients; blood cell formation- hematopiesis occurs within the marrow cavities |
| compact bone | dense and looks smooth and homogeneous |
| spongey bone | composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space |
| long bones | long and wide, have shaft with heads at both ends, mostly compact bone; limbs, wrist, ankle |
| short bones | cube-shaped bones, mostly spongey bone; sesamoid bones (form within tendons), patella |
| flat bones | thin, flattened, curved, compact bone with spongey bone in the middle; skull, ribs, sternum |
| irregular bones | vertebrae, hips |
| diaphysis | shaft, makes up most the bones length and composed of compact bone |
| periosteum | fibrous connective tissue membrane |
| perforating/ Sharpey's fibers | secure the periosteum to the underlying bone, hundreds of connective tissue fibers |
| epiphyese | the ends of the long bone- then layer of compact bone enclosing spongy bone |
| articular cartilage | covers external surfaces, glassy hyaline cartilage, provides smooth surfaces that decrease friction at joint surfaces |
| epiphyseal plate | hyaline cartlage seen in growing bone, cause the lengthwise growth of long bone, when bone is fully grown the plate is replaced by bone |
| yellow marrow/ medullary cavity | the cavity of a shaft that is a storage area for adipose tissue |
| red marrow | the cavity of an infant shaft that forms blood cells; adults is confined to cavities of spongy |
| osteocytes | mature bone cells, found within the matrix in tiny cavities |
| tuberosity | large rounded projections; may be roughened |
| crest | narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent |
| trochanter | very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process |
| line | narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest |
| tubercle | small, rounded projection or process |
| epicondyle | raised area on or above on condyle |
| spine | sharp, slender, often pointed porjection |
| process | any bony prominence |
| head | bony expansion carried on a narrow neck |
| facet | smooth, nearly flat articular surface |
| ramus | armlike bar of bone |
| condyle | rounded articular projection |
| metus | canal like passage way |
| sinus | cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane |
| fossa | shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface |
| groove | furrow |
| fissure | narrow, slitlike opening |
| foramen | round or oval opening through a bone |
| ossification | process of bone formation- 1.hyaline cartilage is covered with bone matrix by bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) 2. hyaline cartilage is digested away |
| appositional growth | bone increasing in diameter |
| osteclasts | bone-destroying cells, releases calcium |
| hypercalcemia | blood calcium levels are too high |
| comminuted fracture | bone breaks into many pieces |
| compression fracture | bone is crushed |
| depressed fracture | broke bone portion is pressed inward |
| impacted fracture | broke bone ends are forced into each other |
| spiral | ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone |
| greenstick fracture | bone breaks incompletely, much in way a green twig breaks |
| skull | facial bones and cranium |
| cranium | frontal bone, parietal bone (2), occipital bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone |
| frontal bone | forms the for head |
| parietal bones | superior and lateral walls of the cranium |
| sagittal suture | connects the parietal bones, the midline of the skull |
| coronal suture | connects the parietal bones to the frontal bones |
| temporal bones | lie inferior to the to the parietal bones |
| squamous suture | join temporal bone and parietal bones horizontally |
| external acoustic meatus | canal that leads to the ear drum, where sound enters |
| styloid process | sharp projection inferior to the external auditory meatus |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.