Spencer DNA Test
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nucleotide | Building block or monomer of nucleic acids |
| Parts of a nucleotide | 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar found in DNA |
| Adenine | Nitrogen base that is the complementary pair to Thymine in DNA and complementary pair to Uracil in RNA |
| Thymine | Nitrogen base that is the complementary pair to Adenine |
| Guanine | Nitrogen base that is the complementary pair to Cytosine |
| Cytosine | Nitrogen base that is the complementary pair to Guanine |
| James Watson and Francis Crick | Scientists that were credited with the model of the double helix |
| Rosalin Franklin | Scientist that produced Photo 51 that allowed Watson and Crick to create a model of DNA |
| ase | Indicates an enzyme; example helicase or polymerase |
| Nucleus | Where DNA is found in the cell and where transcription takes place |
| DNA Replication | Process by which DNA makes exact copies of itself |
| Types of RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | Carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | Brings amino acids to the ribosome |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | Globular form that makes up the ribosome. Produces enzymes to link amino acids |
| Transciption | RNA is produced from the DNA instructions; message from the DNA is copied on the mRNA in the nucleus |
| Amino Acids | The building block of protien |
| Codon | Sequence of 3 bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid |
| Anticodon | Sequence of 3 bases on tRNA that is complementary to mRNA codon |
| Protein Synthesis | Formation of proteins using info coded in DNA; carried out by RNA |
| Protein | Long chain of amino acids in correct order |
| Gene | Short segment of DNA that direct formation of proteins |
| Human Genome Project | Project with a goal to determine the sequence of base pairs which make up DNA and to identify and map the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes |
| Translation | Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in protein; takes place at the ribosome |
| Ribosome | Protein factory of the cell |
| Ribose | Sugar found in RNA |
| Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine | Nitrogen bases found in DNA |
| Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine | Nitrogen basses found in RNA |
| Two | Number of strands in DNA |
| One | Number of strands in RNA |
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