| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What precedents did george Washington, the first president, establish? | appointed lower federal courts, gave supreme court 6 members |
| What were the first govt departments established by Congress? | secretary of war, secretary of treasury, secretary of defense |
| What foreign policy challenges did George Washington face? | naturalization, XYZ affair |
| How was the federal court system established? | the judiciary act of 1789 |
| How did washington repond to the Whiskey rebellion and why? | got 13,000 soldiers to fight back and show their strength |
| What was hamilton's plan to deal with the Nation's financial problems? | pay off all war debts |
| Why did Hamilton's argue in favor of a national bank? | he believed in Industry and favored a loose interpretation of the constition |
| Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose the creation of a national bank? | they thought it gave too much power to the govt |
| Explain the "necessary and proper" clause | It's the act passed that they thought was "necessary and proper" |
| Explain Hamilton's proposal for the federal government to pay off the state's debts | He was going to pay them off by trade - boats, land |
| What impact did Pinckney's Treaty have on settlers in the Trans-Appalachian West? | It granted access to the Mississippi river to the US for free. |
| Why did war between Britian and France put the US in an awkward position? | The US was allied with both Britian and France. |
| Explain the XYZ Affair | French officials requested a bribe. |
| Describe the French Revolution and America's response to it. | The US withdrew from world politics. |
| What was Washington's policy on neutrality? | Stay neutral and you shall not obtain enemies. |
| Explain the state's rights theory in response to the passing of the Allen and Sedition Acts. | They reduced the political power immigrants have. |
| How did the rise of political parties affect the election of 1796? | They influenced the voting, every person voted for political parties, not canidates. |
| Explain the outcome of the election of 1800. | There was a tie between Burr and Jefferson, Jefferson ended up winning. |
| What is the judicial review? | Supreme Court has the most weighted say in interpreting the constitution. |
| How did the US aquire Louisana? | They bought it from Napolean (France). |
| What troubled Jefferson about the purchase of the Lousiana Purchase? | He didn't want the US to turn into a big industry based country, he wanted them to stay farmers. |
| Why did Jefferson send the Corps of Discovery into the Lousiana Territory? | He wanted to explore the newly obtained land. |
| How did Native Americans aid the Lewis and Clark expedition? | They showed Lewis and Clark around because they knew the land. |
| Jefferson chose not to list his presidency on the epitaph of his tombstone. How does this reflect his political philosophy? | He didn't want people to think of the president when they thought of him. |
| Descibe the Embargo Act. | American ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports. |
| Describe James Madison the politician. | He was a great leader and influental speaker. |
| Why was the American naval victory on Lake Erie so important? | It got the British out of the lakes. |
| Why was Oliver Hazard Perry's victory over the British fleet in 1813 important? | It got the British out of the lakes. |
| Describe the legacy of the War of 1812. | The treaty showed that the war had no clear winner. |
| What was the American System? | The thought that industry was bad and small towns powered by farms was good. |
| How did improvements in transportation change life in the 1800s? | Communication got better, transportation helped people get around faster. |
| What influenced the growth of manufacturing in the US between 1800 and 1840? | The cotton gin. |
| Describe the impact of the cotton gin. | Made cotton cleaning more efficient, triggered vast movement west. |
| Describe the population of the South in the 1840s. | Most of the population was black. |
| Describe the African American population in the South in the 1840s. | It overpowered the white population. |
| What purpose did spirituals serve on Southern plantations? | Contained coded messages about upcoming events. |
| Describe the slave rebellion led by Nat Turner. | Turner and 70 followers killed 55 whites. |
| How did slave holders try to control African Americans in the South? | Split up families. |
| What was the sectional interest of American settlers in the West? | Want good transportation and cheap land. |
| What was the Adams-Onis Treaty? | Spain gave up FL and claims to the Oregon county. |
| What did President Monroe state in the Monroe Doctrine? | Americans were not allowed to continue colonization. |
| Which border disputes were settled in 1818 and 1819? | 49th parallel on the US - Canadian borders. |
| Describe the Missouri Compromise. | Maine was to be a free state in exchange for Missouri being a slave state. |
| Why did Andrew Jackson lose the 1824 election? | He didn't get the majority of the electoral votes. |
| Describe John Quincy Adam's presidency. | Didn't get anything accomplished, set goals, but didn't complete them. |
| Define the spoils system. | Packing the important political positions. |
| Why was the doctrine of nullification popular in the South? | The South could nullify, reject federal law. |
| Why did Southerners object to high tariffs? | Economy depended on Foreign trade. |
| Why did Andrew Jackson dislike the national bank? | He lost money to a bank and with the money he also lost trust. |
| Where did the federal money go when Jackson closed the Bank of the United States? | It went to the state banks / "pet banks" |
| Why did Northerners oppose Jackson's easy credit policies for land sales? | The cheap land attracted workers. |
| Define Jacksonian Democracy. | Government by the people, based on farming. |
| Explain the Indian Removal Act of 1830. | Told the Indians that they had to talk to the government to negotiate for land westward. |
| How were the Cherokee different from other native American tribes? | they were successful because they had alot of farms |
| After the supreme court ruled in favor of the cherokee, jackson said, "john marshall has made his decision... now let him enforce it." what did he mean? | he was disagreeind w/ him |
| Who was sequoya? | a cherokee who invented a writing system |
| What did the effort to force Native Americans out of Florida become known as? | Black Hawk War |
| what development led to the panic of 1837? | jackson shut down the national bank |
| What is a depression? | economic slump |
| who was blamed for the economic slump following the panic of 1837? | Martin Van Buren |
| Describe president william Henry Harrison | candidate of the whig party |
| what was the manifest destiny? | to travel westward |
| Why did americans travel west? | to make money, get cheap land |
| who were the Mormons? | 1,600 mormans moved into utah |
| describe the westward routes | trail to santa Fe - oregon trail |
| what was the number one priority for wagon trains traveling the oregon trail? | head out b4 winter |
| what did the mexican govt require new american settlers to do? | become citizens |
| who was sam houston? | a leader |
| why was the alamo significant? | it showed texans wat was goin on |
| What action provoked the mexican war? | texas annexation |
| how did the US win the war with Mexico? | it took over mexico city |
| what were the terms of the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo? | texas was part of the us and the rio grande |
| how did the california gold rush impact the region? | caused economic growth, calif became un state |
| how did the 49ers get to caif | sail around south america or trails through the us |
| what was the independant calif called? | the bear flag republic |
| How was oregon country divided? | britain and the us |
| what push-pull factors influenced europeans coming to the us? | push- population growth, agricultural changes, and industrial revolution / Pull- freedom, economic oppertunity, and abundant land |
| during the mid 1800's where did large groups of people emigrate from? | 39% ireland, 31% german, 16% Great Britain, 10% other, and 4% Americas |
| where did immigrants from ireland tend to settle and why? | the ports they arrived in, ther was alot of opputunity |
| Why did some Americans oppose immigration? | they were racist, different religion |
| What effect did immigration have on the US? | rapid urban growth and disease |
| Describe the Nativists? | Native born Americans |
| Describe the unique style of American literature that developed in the 1800's | romaticism - imagination, creativity, emotion |
| Who were the well-known authors and their works? in the 1800's | Henry Longfellow, Francis Parkman, James Cooper, Noah Webster |
| Describe the Hudson River school artists. | they painted lush natural landscapes |
| What was transcendentalism? | It taught that the spiritual world is more important then the physical world. |
| What was civil disobedience? | instead of protesting with violence, they would peacefully refuse to obey the laws |
| Describe the Second Great Awakening. | renewal of religious faith in the 1790's and early 1800's |
| Describe utopian communities | ideal way of living but when created there were financial difficulties |
| Describe a Shaker society. | didn't marry or have kids |
| How did laborers try to improve working conditions? | started labor unions and went on strike |
| What are reformers and what did they do? | called for campaigns to stop drinking |
| Who was Sojourner Truth? | began her life Isabella a slave, fled her owners for freedow, declared the truth to the people about slavery in the North |
| Who was Frederick Douglass? | began his life as a slave, public speaker, wrote autobio of life as slave, published antislavery newspaper |
| What was Harriet Tubman? | born a slave, escaped abuse and led runaways to freedom as a conductor, 19 journeys to free people, |
| Why did Stanton and Mott organize the Seneca Falls Convention? What was the most debated issue? | women's equal rights, all men and women are created equal, right to vote |
| What did the women's rights and the abolition movements have in common? | they were both helping minorities |
| Describe the development of the South. | reliance on exports and great profit |
| What was life like for Free African Americans in the North? | racism, rausts, and couldn't vote |
| How did the South keep slaves from running away or rebelling? | fugitive slave act, overseers, being present during spirituals |
| Describe the Free Soil Party | a political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery |
| Describe the Compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay created it to please the North and South |
| Define popular sovereignty | system where residents vote to decide on an issue |
| Describe the Fugitive Slave Act. | helped slaveholders recapture runaway slaves |
| Describe the Kansas-Nebraska Act. | organize governments dividing Nebraska territory into two territories Nebraska and Kansas -repeal of the Missouri Compromise |
| Describe the birth of the Republican Party | came out of Northern whigs |
| What impact did the pubication of Uncle Tom's Cabin have on the slavery issue? | heightened conflicts between the North and the South |
| Describe the Court's decision in the Dred Scott case. | slave was moved to a state where slavery was illegal, he wanted freedom and court ruled against Scott |
| Why did South Carolina secede? | because Lincoln became President |
| How did Southern states justify secession? | they created the Confederate States of America |
| Who was Jefferson Davis? | president of the Confederate States of America |
| Where was the Confederacy's captial located? | Montgomery |
| How did Americans feel before the fighting began? | they didn't really care or want anything to do with it |
| Which were the border states during the Civil War? | Missouri, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware |
| Why did Southerners refer to their cotton crop as "King Cotton"? | It was the best cash crop |
| What advance in technology made the Civil War much deadlier than earlier American wars? | Minie balls, rifles and ironclads |
| Why were Northeners willing to go to war? | they were fighting for a common cause |
| What was the Northern strategy for winning the war? | make the other side give up |
| What strategy did the South have for fighting the war? | fight defense |
| How did the South's economy put it at a disadvantage in the Civil War? | they had no manufacturing, dependent economically |
| What advantage did the North have over the South in the Civil War? | more people willing to fight |
| Who were the Union Military leaders? | East - George McClellan, West - Ulysses S. Grant, Admiral Farragut, |
| What advantage did the South have in the war with the North? | a lot of people |
| Who was the commander of the confederate Army of Northern Virginia? | Robert E. Lee |
| Why was the North's capture of New Orleans a serious blow to the South? | largest city in the South, major port |
| Describe the Battle of Antietam. | bloodest yet in American history, |
| Who made up the largest group of Civil War soldiers? | farmers |
| What made the army life difficult? | poor hygiene |
| how did lincoln handle northern opposition to the war? | he didn't do anything he let them destroy themselves |
| which battle was considered the turning point of the Civil war? | the battle of Gettysburg, Vicksburg |
| What was gained at the battle of vicksburg | full control of the mississippi |
| describe lincoln's emancipation proclamation? | freed all slaves in confederate territory, which freed very little |
| what inspired african americans to enlist in the union army | they would be getting paid 4 their time |
| how did southern slaves aid the northern war effort? | some ran away to join the north |
| describe the 54 massachusetts regiment | all black, refused to take pay rather than getting paid less than whityz |
| where were most of the battles fought during the second half of the war? | the south |
| which two cities did sherman capture on his march through georgia? | savannah, and Sewannah |
| what did the union victory in the battle of gettysburg do to lee's plan? | destroyed it, he lost 28,000 men 1/3 |
| what was the purpose of the gettysburg address? | a dedication to the cementary there, and a plea to keep fighting for democracy |
| how did women contribute to the war | they took the place of men on the form, and made clothes for men at war |
| how did the us govt raise money to fight the war? | they sold a bunch of useless stuff, i couldn't find the answer |
| how did the union draft compare to the confederate draft | they didn't have to , people signed up |
| explain the phrase a rich man's war, but a poor mans fight. | rich men paid poor men to fight and die for them |
| how did the civil war effect the north | it made the north's economy flourish |
| how did the war end | with lincoln's assassination |
| describe the south's condition after the war | damaged their economy had plumeted to an all time low |
| describe the human cost of the war | 600,000 killed and 525,000 wounded |
| describe the effect of lincolns assassination | stunned the nation and caused intense grief |
| why had andrew johnson, a democrat been placed on the republican ticket with abraham lincoln in 1864? | lincoln chose him as his partner |
| describe johnson's reconstruction plan. | a process the federal govt used to readmit the confederate states back into the union |
| explain the division of the south into 5 military districts | taking power away from prez johnson |
| define a scalawag | people who went along with the radical reconstruction |
| define carpet bagger | people who moved so much they just put their stuff on a carpet rolled it up and left, ON CORE |
| what was forty acres and a mule | that was given to freed black men to take care of themselves |
| describe the civil rights act of 1866 | all people born in the us were citizens |
| what gave african americans full citizenship? | 14th amendment |
| what did the 15th amendment do? | help max cheat |
| how did the supreme court undermine the 14th amendment and 15th amendment? | they added the 16th and 17 th amendments |
| describe the sharecropping system | landowner gave land and supplies to farmer and then the farmer grew plants and gave the landowner a % |
| describe the contract system | african americans went back to being slaves pretty much but got paid and had the power of chose |
| describe the freedmens bureau | it's a bureau of freed men |
| what happened after the panic of 1873? | banks everywhere closed |
| why did the house of representatives impeach andrew jackson? | he was cheating the system and he was taking advantage of his power |
| describe the compromise of 1877 | hayes became prez and southern democrats got some problems sorted out |
| what did the radical republicans do to protect african americans rights? | used federal power to create a new order in the south |
| What were the black codes | limited the freedom of former slaves |
| what was the KKK | a group of crackaz who didn't like african americans, thought that they were inferior |
| which president took action against the KKK | Ulysses S. Grant |
| what policy did liberal republicans favor | the one that the radicals didn't like???? |
| Explain the voter restrictions used in the south | you had to peass a test and be a citizen |
| describe grants second term | the one after the first |
| describe the legacy of reconstruvtion | it's whole purpose was to rebuild the us to what it used to be but without slavery |
| Who is the best person ever, i'll even give u a clue he's a balla? | JASON |
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