| Term | Definition |
|---|
| minimal speech unit: a sequence of letters that can be pronounced by itself, with pauses on either side | phonological word |
| minimal unit of meaning; the smallest unit that can independently carry meaning. As language speakers, we carry a memorized list of sound-meaning combinations in our heads. | listeme |
| cow, cloud, frog, dog, cat | examples of phonological words and listemes |
| gamut, fro, and kick the bucket as individual words (because they don't independently carry meaning as used in the idiom) | phon. words that are not listemes |
| kick the bucket, ran the gamut | listemes that are larger than phono. words |
| -ed, -ing, -s, un-, dis- | listemes smaller than phono. words |
| subparts of words | morphemes |
| a morpheme that has no meaning of its own, independet of a certain context, like fro in two and fro and -flect in deflect | cranmorph |
| when a word is composed of the meaning of its parts | compositionality |
| process of elimination | cranmorphs how to pick out |
| when the meaning of a word is not obviously related to the meaning of its parts | non-compositionality |
| terrific | noncompositional word composed of listems |
| a phonological word that contains only one morpheme | monomorphemic word |
| a phonological word that contains more than one morpheme | multimorphemic word |
| closed class, words that provide only grammatical information (can also be spoken without stress) | function words |
| words that are open class, provide semantic meaning (can be spoken with stress) | content words |
| fixed list of words, like function words, to which something new is rarely added | closed class |
| class of words that can add new words | open class |
| neither, because morphemes have no meaning | are morphemes content or function? |
| the core, contentful morpheme in a word | root morpheme |
| unit that an affix attaches to (sometimes both a root and a stem) | stem |
| competit | stem of competitive |
| compete | root of competitive |
| because stems need to be different so affixes can attach to them | why root vs. stem is important |
| purely grammatical effect on stems they attach to, leave essential meaning unchanged | inflectional listemes |
| -ed, -s, -ing | inflectional listemes examples |
| affixes not necessary to the grammer, you can convey the meaning in a different way | derivational listemes |
| Bob is a builder, Bob builds for a living, un- in unhappy | derivational listemes examples |
| Yes | Can derivational listemes change the core meaning of a word? |
| Yes | Do derivational listemes often change the word category? |
| Yes (-s to form plural, -ed to form past tense) | Are inflectional affixes productive (combine freely with a certain class of stems)? |
| Yes (cannot combine freely with most stems) | Are derivational affixes unproductive? |
| Not always (brotherhood=state of being brothers BUT neighborhood/= state of being neighbors | Do derivational affixes always produce compositional meaning? |
| typically after all derivational affixes | Inflectional affix position |
| typically before all inflectional affixes (-s in realizations, after derivational -al, -iz, -ation) | derivational affix position |
| can be used derivationally and inflectionally | dual use affixes |
| -ing inflectional as present progressive participle (I was calling, Jilly was thinking) | dual use affixes -ing example 1 |
| -ing as gerundive suffix is derivational (The screaming kept me awake all night) | dual use affixes -ing example 2 |
| two listemes that sound the same but have different meaning | homophones |
| must include phonology, syntax (how and what words comebine with the affix), and semantics (what word category is produced) | bracketing representation for derivational and inflectional affixes |
| derivational and inflectional listemes | Lecture 4 to practice tree & bracketing representations of |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace