AP US Chapter 9
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sabrinabee on October 9, 2010
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Among the important changes brought about by the American Revolution was | the increasing separation of church and state |
| A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was | the idea of a written constitutuion drafted by a convention and ratified by direct vote of the people |
| Despite the Revolutions emphasis on human rights and equality, the founding fathers failed to abolish slavery because | of their political fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity |
| The ideal of "republican motherhood" that emerged from the American Revolution held that | women had a special responsibility to cultivate the civic virtues of republicanism in their children |
| In the new state constitutions written after the Revolution, the most powerful branch of government was | a legislative branch |
| One way that American independence actually harmed the nations economic fortunes was by | cutting off American trade with the British empire |
| Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America were seriously hindered by | the revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion of all governmental authority |
| The primary political obstacle to the formation of the first American government under the Articles of Confederation was | disputes among the jealous states over control of western lands |
| The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that | it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states |
| The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that | after sufficient population growth, western territories could be organized and then join the union as states |
| Shays Rebellion contributed to the movement for a new constitution by | raising the fear of anarchy and disorder among wealthy conservatives |
| Besides George Washington, the most influential figures in the constitutional convention included | Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton |
| The "Great Compromise" in the constitutional convention provided that | there would be representation by population in the house of representaives but equal representation of all states in the senate |
| Antifederalists generally found their greatest support among | the poorer debtors and farmers |
| The crucial federalists successes in the fight for ratification occurred in the states of | Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York |
| Protestant Episcopal | new name for the Anglican church after it was disestablished and de-anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere |
| Republican Motherhood | the idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate civic virtue in their children |
| Constitutional convention | a type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts , for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law |
| Articles of Confederation | The first constitutional government of the united states |
| Old Northwest | the territory north of the ohio and east of the mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1797 |
| Sections | one-square mile areas, thirty six of which composed a township, with one area set aside for the support of schools |
| Temporary | the status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state |
| Shays Revolution | a failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of mobocracy |
| Large State plan | the plan proposed by Virginia (Randolph) at the constitutional convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population |
| Small state plan | the plan proposed by new jeresy (william patterson) for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size aand population |
| 3/5ths compromise | the compromise between north and south that resulted in each slave being counted as 60 percent of a free person for purposes of representation |
| anti-federalists | the opponents of the constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government |
| the federalist | a masterly series of pro-constitution articles printed in new york by Jay, Madison, and Hamiltion |
| President | the offical under the new constitution who would be commander in cheif of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officals, and have the power to veto legislation |
| Bill of rights | a list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the constitution in order to win ratification |
| Society of Cincinnati | an exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition |
| Virginia statue for religious freedom | legislation passed by an alliance of jefferson and the baptists that disestablished the anglican church |
| Articles of confederation | document of 1781 that was put out of buisness by the constitution |
| Northwest ordinance of 1787 | legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of the western territories into states |
| Dey of algiers | north african leader who took advantage of the weakness of the articles of confederation to attack american shipping |
| Daniel Shays | war veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far reaching consequences |
| George Washington | unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of demi-gods |
| James Madison | father of the constitution and author of Federalist No. 10 |
| Federalists | wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation |
| Antifederalists | group that failed to block the central government they feared but did not force the promise of a bill of rights |
| Patrick Henry | virginia antigederalist leader who thought the constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality |
| Alexander Hamilton | young new yorker who argued eloquently for the constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government |
| John Jay | frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the articles; one of the three authors of The Federalist |
| Massachusetts | first of key states where federalists won by a narrow margin over the opposition of antideferalist Sam Adams |
| New York | the only state to allow a direct vote on the Constitution |
| The American revolution | brought about somewhat greater social and economic equality and the virtual end of slavery in the north |
| Agreement among states to give up western land claims | made possible the approval of the articles of confederation and the passage of two important laws governing western lands |
| The weakness of the articles of confederation | nearly bankrupted the national government and invited assaults on American interests by foreign powers |
| Shays rebellion | scared conservatives and made them determined to strengthen the central government agaaisnt debtors |
| The conflict in the constitution convention between large and small states | forced the adoption of the great compromise which required a bicameral legislature with two different bases of representation |
| The north-south conflicy in the constitutional convention over counting slaves for representation | forced acceotance of the three fiths compromise counting each slave as 3/5ths of a person for purpose of representation |
| A meeting in Annapolis to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation | issued a call to congress for a special convention to revise the Articles |
| Antifederalist fears that the Constitution would destroy liberties | made federalists promise to add a bill of rights to the Constitution |
| The Federalist and fears that New York would be left out of the union | finally brought New York to ratify the Constitution by a narrow margin |
| The disestablishment of the Anglican church | laid the basis for the virginia statute for religious freedom |
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