1.
3/5ths compromise: the compromise between north and south that resulted in each slave being counted as 60 percent of a free person for purposes of representation
2.
A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was: the idea of a written constitutuion drafted by a convention and ratified by direct vote of the people
3.
A meeting in Annapolis to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation: issued a call to congress for a special convention to revise the Articles
4.
Agreement among states to give up western land claims: made possible the approval of the articles of confederation and the passage of two important laws governing western lands
5.
Alexander Hamilton: young new yorker who argued eloquently for the constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government
6.
Among the important changes brought about by the American Revolution was: the increasing separation of church and state
7.
anti-federalists: the opponents of the constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government
8.
Antifederalist fears that the Constitution would destroy liberties: made federalists promise to add a bill of rights to the Constitution
9.
Antifederalists: group that failed to block the central government they feared but did not force the promise of a bill of rights
10.
Antifederalists generally found their greatest support among: the poorer debtors and farmers
11.
Articles of Confederation: The first constitutional government of the united states
12.
Articles of confederation: document of 1781 that was put out of buisness by the constitution
13.
Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America were seriously hindered by: the revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion of all governmental authority
14.
Besides George Washington, the most influential figures in the constitutional convention included: Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton
15.
Bill of rights: a list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the constitution in order to win ratification
16.
Constitutional convention: a type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts , for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law
17.
Daniel Shays: war veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far reaching consequences
18.
Despite the Revolutions emphasis on human rights and equality, the founding fathers failed to abolish slavery because: of their political fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity
19.
Dey of algiers: north african leader who took advantage of the weakness of the articles of confederation to attack american shipping
20.
Federalists: wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation
21.
George Washington: unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of demi-gods
22.
In the new state constitutions written after the Revolution, the most powerful branch of government was: a legislative branch
23.
James Madison: father of the constitution and author of Federalist No. 10
24.
John Jay: frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the articles; one of the three authors of The Federalist
25.
Large State plan: the plan proposed by Virginia (Randolph) at the constitutional convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population
26.
Massachusetts: first of key states where federalists won by a narrow margin over the opposition of antideferalist Sam Adams
27.
New York: the only state to allow a direct vote on the Constitution
28.
Northwest ordinance of 1787: legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of the western territories into states
29.
Old Northwest: the territory north of the ohio and east of the mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1797
30.
One way that American independence actually harmed the nations economic fortunes was by: cutting off American trade with the British empire
31.
Patrick Henry: virginia antigederalist leader who thought the constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality
32.
President: the offical under the new constitution who would be commander in cheif of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officals, and have the power to veto legislation
33.
Protestant Episcopal: new name for the Anglican church after it was disestablished and de-anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere
34.
Republican Motherhood: the idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate civic virtue in their children
35.
Sections: one-square mile areas, thirty six of which composed a township, with one area set aside for the support of schools
36.
Shays rebellion: scared conservatives and made them determined to strengthen the central government agaaisnt debtors
37.
Shays Rebellion contributed to the movement for a new constitution by: raising the fear of anarchy and disorder among wealthy conservatives
38.
Shays Revolution: a failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of mobocracy
39.
Small state plan: the plan proposed by new jeresy (william patterson) for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size aand population
40.
Society of Cincinnati: an exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition
41.
Temporary: the status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state
42.
The "Great Compromise" in the constitutional convention provided that: there would be representation by population in the house of representaives but equal representation of all states in the senate
43.
The American revolution: brought about somewhat greater social and economic equality and the virtual end of slavery in the north
44.
The conflict in the constitution convention between large and small states: forced the adoption of the great compromise which required a bicameral legislature with two different bases of representation
45.
The crucial federalists successes in the fight for ratification occurred in the states of: Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York
46.
The disestablishment of the Anglican church: laid the basis for the virginia statute for religious freedom
47.
the federalist: a masterly series of pro-constitution articles printed in new york by Jay, Madison, and Hamiltion
48.
The Federalist and fears that New York would be left out of the union: finally brought New York to ratify the Constitution by a narrow margin
49.
The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that: it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states
50.
The ideal of "republican motherhood" that emerged from the American Revolution held that: women had a special responsibility to cultivate the civic virtues of republicanism in their children
51.
The north-south conflicy in the constitutional convention over counting slaves for representation: forced acceotance of the three fiths compromise counting each slave as 3/5ths of a person for purpose of representation
52.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided that: after sufficient population growth, western territories could be organized and then join the union as states
53.
The primary political obstacle to the formation of the first American government under the Articles of Confederation was: disputes among the jealous states over control of western lands
54.
The weakness of the articles of confederation: nearly bankrupted the national government and invited assaults on American interests by foreign powers
55.
Virginia statue for religious freedom: legislation passed by an alliance of jefferson and the baptists that disestablished the anglican church
