1.
-emesis: vomit (suffix)
2.
-iasis: abnormal condition produced by something specific (suffix)
3.
-megaly: enlargement (suffix)
4.
-orexia: appetite (suffix)
5.
-pepsia: digestion (suffix)
6.
-phagia: swallowing, eating (suffix)
7.
-prandial: meal (suffix)
8.
-rrhea: discharge, flow (suffix)
9.
abdominal ultrasonography: ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
10.
acetazolamide: diamox
11.
alanine aminotransferase: ALT
12.
alkaline phosphatase: alk phos
13.
an/o: anus
14.
anastomosis: surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
15.
angiotensin sensitivity: AST
16.
anorexia: lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
17.
antacid: calcium carbonate (mylanta, rolaids, tums)
18.
antidiarrheals: loperamide (imodium), kaolin/pectin (donnagel-MB, kapectolin)
19.
antiemetics: prochlorperazine (compazine, compro), trimethobenzamide (T-Gen, tigan), promethazine
20.
antispasmodics: glycopyrrolate (robinul), propantheline (pro-banthine), levsin
21.
append/o, appendic/o: appendix (two roots)
22.
appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection
23.
ascites: abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
24.
aspiration biopsy cytology: ABC
25.
bariatric surgery: group of procedures that treat morbid obesity
26.
barium: Ba
27.
barium enema: radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate into the rectum; also called lower GI series
28.
barium enema: BaE
29.
barium enema: BE
30.
barium swallow: radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate; also called esophagram and upper GI series
31.
bilirubin: orange-colored or yellowish pigment in bile
32.
biopsy: representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
33.
body mass index: BMI
34.
bolus: mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed
35.
borborygmus: rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
36.
bowel movement: BM
37.
bucc/o: cheek
38.
cachexia: physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer
39.
cheil/o, labi/o: lip (two roots)
40.
chol/e: bile, gall
41.
cholangi/o: bile vessel
42.
cholecyst/o: gallbladder
43.
cholecystography: radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
44.
choledoch/o: bile duct
45.
cholelithiasis: presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct
46.
cirrhosis: scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
47.
col/o, colon/o: colon
48.
colic: spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain
49.
colostomy: creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to diver fecal flow to a colostomy bag
50.
computed tomography: imaging technique achieved by rotating and x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
51.
computed tomography: CT
52.
Crohn disease: chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis
53.
cystic fibrosis: CF
54.
deglutition: act of swallowing
55.
dent/o, odont/o: teeth (two roots)
56.
dia-: through, across (prefix)
57.
docusate: colace
58.
duoden/o: duodenum
59.
dysentery: inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea
60.
dyspepsia: epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion
61.
dysphagia: inability or difficult in swallowing; also called aphagia
62.
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: ERCP
63.
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts, and tumors
64.
endoscopy: visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope
65.
enter/o: intestine (usually small)
66.
eructation: producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching
67.
esomeprazole: nexium
68.
esophag/o: esophagus
69.
esophagogastroduodenoscopy: EGD
70.
exocrine: denotes a gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel
71.
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
72.
famotidine: pepcid
73.
fecalith: fecal concretion
74.
flatus: gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
75.
furosemide: lasix
76.
gallbladder: GB
77.
gallbladder series: GBS
78.
gastr/o: stomach
79.
gastroesophageal reflux: GER
80.
gastroesophageal reflux disease: GERD
81.
gastroesophageal reflux disease: backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
82.
gastrointestinal: GI
83.
gingiv/o: gums
84.
gloss/o, lingu/o: tongue
85.
halitosis: offensive, or "bad", breath
86.
hematemesis: vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
87.
hepat/o: liver
88.
hepatitis A virus: HAV
89.
hepatitis B virus: HBV
90.
hepatitis C virus: HCV
91.
hepatitis D virus: HDV
92.
hepatitis E virus: HEV
93.
hepatitis panel: panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus - hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) - causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
94.
hydrochlorothiazide: microzide
95.
hyoscyamine: levsin
96.
ile/o: ileum
97.
ileorectal anastomosis: surgical connection of ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
98.
immediately: stat, STAT
99.
intestinal anastomosis: surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy
100.
irritable bowel syndrome: symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon
101.
irritable bowel syndrome: IBS
102.
jejun/o: jenunum
103.
laxatives: senna/sennosides (senokot, senolax), psyllium (metamucil)
104.
lithotripsy: procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
105.
liver function test: LFT
106.
liver function test: group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract
107.
loperamide: immodium
108.
lower GI endoscopy: endoscopy of the colon (colonoscopy), sigmoid colon (sigmoidoscopy), and rectum and anal canal (proctoscopy)
109.
malabsorption syndrome: symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrient, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
110.
melena: passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
111.
nasogastric: NG
112.
nasogastric intubation: procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; to instill medication, food or fluids; or to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
113.
obesity: excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more about ideal body weight
114.
obstipation: severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
115.
omeprazole: priolsec
116.
or/o, stomat/o: mouth (two roots)
117.
oral leukoplakia: formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused by primarily by irritation
118.
oxybutinin: ditropan
119.
pancreat/o: pancreas
120.
pantoprazole: protonix
121.
past medical history: PMH
122.
peptic ulcer disease: PUD
123.
percutaneous transhepatic cholangeography: PTHC
124.
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTCP): radiographic examination of bile duct structures
125.
peri-: around (prefix)
126.
peristalsis: progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body; especially the GI tract
127.
pharyng/o: pharynx
128.
physical examination; pulmonary embolism: PE
129.
polypectomy: excision of a polyp
130.
potassium chloride: klor-con
131.
prochlorperazine: compazine
132.
proct/o: anus, rectum
133.
promethazine: phenergan
134.
proton pump inhibitor: prilosec, protonix
135.
pylor/o: pylorus
136.
pyloric stenosis: stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestines
137.
pyloromyotomy: incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
138.
ranitidine: zantac
139.
rect/o: rectum
140.
regurgitation: backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
141.
roux-en-y gastric bypass: stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration. this configuration decrease the pathway of food through the intestines, this reducing absorption of calories and fats
142.
roux-en-y gastric bypass: RGB
143.
rule out: R/O
144.
serum bilirubin: measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
145.
sial/o: saliva, salivary gland
146.
sialography: radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts
147.
sigmoid/o: sigmoid colon
148.
sodium citrate (citric acid): bicitra
149.
sphincter: circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body
150.
spironolactone: aldactone
151.
steatorrhea: passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it
152.
stool culture: test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces
153.
stool guaiac: applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult blood in the feces; also called hemoccult
154.
sub-: under, below (prefix)
155.
ultrasonography: test that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor; also called ultrasound, sonography, echo, and echogram
156.
upper GI endoscopy: endoscopy of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy)
157.
vertical banded gastroplasty: upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. a band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
