Anatomy Terminology
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108 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Anatomy | Greek: To cut apart The study of the form (morphology), or structure of body parts and how these parts relate to one another |
| Physiology | The study of the functions of body parts |
| Gross Anatomy | Science of macroscopic anatomy; studying large body structures without the use of a microscope |
| Surface Anatomy | The study of morphology and markings of the human body |
| Regional Anatomy | The study of specific regions of the body such as head and the extremities |
| Systemic Anatomy | The study of specific systems of the body such as digestive and skeletal |
| Histology | Study of the tissues of the body |
| Immunology | study of the functions of the immune system |
| Neurophysiology | study of the funtions of the nervous system |
| Cardiovascular | study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels |
| Atoms | building blocks of matter |
| Elements | units composed of identical atoms |
| Molecules | various types of numbers of elements bonded together |
| Organelles | functions of units of cells composed of various molecules |
| Cells | stuctural and functional units of an organism |
| Tissues | group of cells with similar structure and function |
| Organ | structure composed of two or more tissue types |
| Organ System | collection of organs that work toward a common purpose |
| Organism | functional collection of many organ systems |
| Movement | Muscular system contraction. Propelling of the whole organism or substance through the body via smooth muscle. |
| Responsiveness | Ability of the organism to adapt to the changes in the environment |
| Digestion | Breakdown of food into simple nutrients that body cells can use |
| Metabolism | all of the chemical reactions/activities of an organism |
| Excretion | Removing harmful wast products from the organsim. Elimination, excretion and breathing process |
| Reproduction | at the organismal level it is the production of offspring to ensure survival of the species |
| Growth | Increase in cell number and size attributing to increase in overall size of the organism |
| Homeostatis | Ability of the body to maintain equilibrium internally despite a continually changing world externallly. |
| Negative Feedback | Most homeostatic mechanisms Turns off or decreases the original stimulus Helps to stabilize situation Body temperature |
| Positive Feedback | Increase the orginal stimulus |
| Aatomical Position | standing tall with face forward, upper limbs at side with palms forward |
| Superior | towards the head |
| Inferior | towards the feet |
| Anterior | towards the front |
| Posterior | towards the back |
| Medial | towards the midline |
| Lateral | Away from the midline |
| Intermediate | between two structures |
| Proximal | closer to the point of attachment |
| Distal | farther from a point of attachment |
| Superficial | near the surface |
| Deep | farther from the surface |
| Supine | lying face up |
| Prone | lying face down |
| Dorsal Cavity | Contains Cranial (brain) and vertebral column (spinal cord) |
| Ventral Cavity | Contains Thoracic (right/left pleural and Mediastinum) and Abdominopelvic |
| Serous Membranes | the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs are covered with a thin, double layered membrane. |
| Sagittal | divides body into left and right halves |
| Midsagittal | the plane dividing the body exactly in the midline |
| Coronal | divides the body into anterior and posterier |
| Transverse | divides body into superior and inferior |
| Acromial | point of shoulder |
| Antebrachium | forearm |
| Antecubital | depressed area in front of elbow |
| Arm | upper extremity b/w shoulder and elbow |
| Axillary | armpit |
| Brachial | arm |
| Buccal | Cheek |
| Calcaneal | heel |
| Carpal | wrist |
| Cephalic | head |
| Cervical | neck |
| Costal | Rib |
| Coxal | hip |
| Cranial | skull |
| Crural | leg |
| Cubital | elbow |
| Cutaneous | skin |
| Digital | fingers or toes |
| Dorsum or Dorsal | Back |
| Facial | face |
| Femoral | thigh |
| Fibular | side of leg |
| Forearm | lower extremity b/w elbow and wrist |
| Gluteal | buttock |
| Groin | root of thigh between torso and leg |
| Hallux | Great toe |
| Inguinal | Groin |
| Leg | lower extremity between knee and ankle |
| Lumbar | lower back |
| Mammary | breast |
| Manus | hand |
| Mental | chin |
| Nasal | nose |
| Occipital | back of lower skull |
| Olecranal | back of elbow |
| Oral | mouth |
| Orbital | Eye |
| Otic | Ear |
| Palmar | palm of hand |
| Pectoral | chest |
| Pedal | foot |
| Pelvic | lower torso |
| Perineal | area between anus and genitals |
| Pericardial | around heart |
| Patellar | Knee cap |
| Plantar | sole of foot |
| Pollex | thumb |
| Popliteal | behind the knee |
| Sacral | between ilium (pelvis) |
| Scapular | shoulder blade |
| Sternal | breastbone |
| Sural | Calf |
| Tarsal | ankle |
| Temporal | side of skull |
| Thoracic | chest |
| Umbilical | area around umbilicus |
| Vertebral | spinal column |
| Volar | palm or sole |
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