IDs Chapter 9
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. |
| James Madison | Strict constructionist, 4th president, father of the Constitution, leads nation through War of 1812 |
| Republicanism | A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. |
| Anarchy | a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government) |
| Anti Federalists | Opposed the federalists and their desire for a stronger federal government. Included Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee. They strove to keep alive democracy, fearing that a strong federal government would lead to the same problems they faced with the King. |
| "Large State Plan" | Plan proposed by Virginia for representation in both houses should be based on population. Bicameral. |
| Northwest Ordinance | Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | The result ended with the Three-Fifths Compromise, which determined that "three-fifths of all other persons" would be counted; in other words, five slaves would instead be counted as three |
| Daniel Shays | Head of Shay's Rebellion; he and several other angry farmers violently protested against debtor's jail; eventually crushed; aided in the creation of constitution because land owners now wanted to preserve what was theirs from "mobocracy" |
| Sovereignty | complete independence and self-government (of a country); supremacy of authority; power to govern |
| States' Rights | According to the compact theory of the Union the states retained all powers not specifically delegated to the central government by the Constitution. |
| "Great Compromise" | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house |
| The Federalist | Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788. |
| Shay's Rebellion | this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes |
| Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution. |
| Articles of Confederation | this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage |
| Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. |
| "Mobocracy" | To be ruled by a mob. An example of people who used this method would be the American colonists. When England would impose taxes and acts, such as the Stamp Act, the colonists would become angered and protest it by forming mobs and doing such things as ransacking houses and stealing the money of stamp agents. The Stamp Act was eventually nullified because all the stamp agents had been forced to resign leaving no one to uphold it. This is an example of Mobocracy. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government |
| Electoral College | group of persons chosen in each state and the district of columbia every four years who make a formal selection of the president and vice president |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S. |
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