AP EURO- Ch 13 Vicab 3
About this set
Created by:
AJMontenegro on October 12, 2010
Subjects:
Description:
European State Consolidation In The Seventeenth And Eighteenth Centuries
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 House Of Orange | leaders of most of the 7 provinces of the Dutch Republic, favored development of a centralized government with selves as hereditary monarchs |
| Amsterdam Bourse | created by Amsterdam to replace the exchange of goods with stock trading |
| Jan De Witt | The representative of the province of Holland, who took over the government of the United Provinces in 1653. Aimed to leave as much authority in the hands of the provinces, particularly Holland. Wanted to weaken the executive and prevent a revival of the House of Orange, ursue trading advantage, and to maintain peace so that economic supremacy of the Dutch wouldn't be threatened. . Yet, Witt was eventually killed by a mob, when the French Armies overran the southern provinces. |
| William III [Holand] | Former duke of Orange; King of England and Scotland and Ireland; of Orange and married to Mary |
| Stadholder | A governer of provinces in the Dutch United Provinces. |
| Dutch Reformed Church | United Provinces of the Netherlands. The rise of Calvinism here set the stage for a revolt against the Inquisition of King Philip II of Spain |
| Delftware | earthenware clay objects from Holland with a blue decoration |
| Dutch East India Co. | A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. Richer and more powerful than England's company, they drove out the English and Established dominance over the region. It ended up going bankrupt and being bought out by the British |
| Dutch West India Co. | (1621 - 1794) Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa; private trading company, help fight for independence and carry conflict to Spain's oversea's possessions |
| Charles XIII [Sweden] | 1697-1718. King of Sweden- elective kingship made hereditary -> Westernization and modernization. Defended Sweden from Danes, Poles, and Russians. At first Sweden was beneficiary from Westphalia- S. Baltic coastline- Baltic= Swedish lake. But in long term Sweden back to original borders. Charles was one of 3 prominent leaders of Sweden from time of 30 years' war- Adolphus, Christina, and Charles XII. |
| Tsar | The Russian emperor |
| Muscovy | A former principality in west-central Russia. Centered on Moscow, it was founded c. 1280 and existed as a separate entity until the 16th century, when it was united with another principality to form the nucleus of the early Russian empire. The name was then used for the expanded territory. |
| Ivan I | made tax collector for helping put down Russian revolts against the Mongols; ruled Moscow in 1320s |
| Ivan III | "Ivan the Great"; ruled as great prince and first ruler of the independent state called Russia |
| Ivan IV ["The Terrible"] | The first "Tsar" of Russia Destroyed the Boyards and with his death brought the Time of Troubles for Russia |
| Boyars | Russian nobility |
| Time of Troubles | followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613. |
| Romanovs | Russian imperial dynasty that strengthened absolutism in Russia. Ruled from 1613-1917, when the Revolution forced Nicholas II's abdication. Started with Michael Romanov after the Time of Troubles and lasted until 1917. |
| Duma | Russian national legislature |
| Peter The Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia |
| Streltsy | Guards of the Moscow palace during the Romanov Dynasy who rulers faced the constant threat of mutany from |
| Table of Ranks | Peter the Great instituted it to create opportunities for non-nobles to serve the state and join the nobility. There were 14 levels. Each official was required to begin at level one and work his way up. When a non-noble reached the eighth rank, he became a noble. |
| "Grand Embassy" | Peter's long visit to Western Europe to learn about European customs and manufacturing techniques to help westernize Russia |
| "Window To The West" | St. Petersburg |
| St. Petersburg | "window to the West"; created by Peter the great; Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweeden |
| Battle of Poltava | After a decisive Russian victory at Poltava in 1709, greatly reduced the threat of the Swedish armies, Peter moved in high gear and wanted to build a city like no other in the world, the St. Petersburg |
| House of Commons | one of the houses of Parliament including wealthy landowners and rich business leaders that represent the middle class and are elected to office |
| "Power of the Purse" | Constitutional power given to Congress to raise and spend money |
| Puritans | a group of Anglicans in England who wanted to purify their church of Catholic ways |
| James I | the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625 |
| Charles I | King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which he was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649 |
| Ship Money | an impost levied in England to provide money for ships for national defense |
| William Laud | Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War. |
| Petition of Right | signed by Charles I in 1628, this document limited the monarch by demanding the king no longer imprison or punsh someone without the lawfull judgement of his peers and not to impose martial law during peace times |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person |
| Oliver Cromwell | English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. |
| Long Parliament | This Parliament met for 13 years from 1640-1653 and chose not to implement the taxes that Charles II wanted to defend England against the Scots. This was mostly because they agreed with the Scot's negative opinion of Laud's religious changes and disagreed with the king on many issues. This powerful parliament also executed Charles's chief advisory, the Earl of Strafford. |
| Roundheads | A group consisting of puritans, country land owners, and town based manufacturers, led by Oliver Cromwell; fought against the Cavaliers during the English civil war |
| Cavaliers | In the English Civil War (1642-1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell. |
| New Model Army | The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war. |
| "Rump" Parliament | The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy. |
| Diggers | denied Parliament's authority and rejected private ownership of land |
| Society of Friends [Quakers] | also known as Quakers, founded by Margaret Fell and George Fox, name came from shaking at the name of the Lord, rejected predestination and orginal sin, believed that all could achieve salvation, women held positions in the church |
| Instrument of Government | Cromwell's constitution. It provided triennial meetings of Parliament and gave them the sole power to tax. Cromwell tore it up when it did not serve his purposes. It gave Parliament the sole power to tax. |
| Lord Protector | Cromwell disbanded parliament and took this title when parliament moved to quit funding the New Model Army |
| Act of Settlement | provided that the English crown would go to the German Hanovers if none of Queen Anne's children survived |
| English Restoration | (1660), resembled everything before except Charles II was on the throne, Parliament was more willing to work with Charles II and Charles II was more willing to work with Parliament, but then the king and Parliament were at odds again, with religion being the central issue |
| Charles II | King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685) who reigned during the Restoration, a period of expanding trade and colonization as well as strong opposition to Catholicism |
| Test Act | Parliament passed this in response to Charles II's declaration of indulgences; required all military members to swear an oath against transubstantiation. |
| Royal Declaration of Indulgences | Charles II attempt to extend religious liberty to Protestant nonconformists; suspended the execution of penal laws that punished recusants from the Church of England. |
| Whigs | This political party favored Parliament over the crown; party that favored a national bank, protective tariffs and eventually the abolition of slavery |
| Tories | Loyalists |
| James II | King of Scotland (1437 - 60). He succeeded to the throne on the assassination of his father, James I of Scotland. Because he was so young, the strong central authority his father had established quickly collapsed, and his first adult task was the restoration of monarchical authority. |
| Glorious Revolution | *A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange * In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights. |
| English Bill of Rights | *Guaranteed certain rights to English citizens. Introduced the concept of individual rights (1689) *A bill in 1689 that limited the power of English Royalty |
| Toleration Act | 1689 act of British Parliament granting some religious freedoms to non-Anglican Protestants |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.