Chapter 7 Vocabulary - Volcanoes
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Aa flow | a type of lava flow that has a jagged blocky surface; also may have dangerously sharp edges |
| Batholith | a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma was emplaced at depth, crystallized, and subsequently exposed by erosion |
| Caldera | a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit area of a volcano |
| Cinder cone | a rather small volcano built primarily of pyroclastics ejected from a single vent |
| Composite cone | a volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material |
| Conduit | a pipelike opening through which magma moves toward Earth's surface. It terminates at a surface opening called a vent |
| Crater | the depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by a meteorite impact |
| Dike | a tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that cuts through the surrounding rock |
| Fissure | Large cracks on Earth's surface that basaltic lava flows from |
| Fumarole | a vent that releases volcanic gases and steam |
| Hot Spot | a concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to Earth's surface; The Pacific Plate moves over a hot spot, producing the Hawaiian Islands |
| Laccolith | a massive, concordant igneous body intruded between preexisting strata |
| Lahar | mudflows on the slopes of volcanoes that result when unstable layers of ash and debris become saturated and flow downslop, usually following stream channels |
| Lava tube | Tunnel in hardened lava that acts as a horizontal conduit ofr lava flowing from a volcanic vent. Allow fluid lavas to advance great distances. |
| Nuee ardente | incandescent volcanic debris buoyed up by hot gases that moves down-slope in an avalanche fashion |
| Pahoehoe flow | a lava flow with a smooth-to-ropy surface |
| Pipe | a vertical conduit through which magmatic materials have passed |
| Shield volcano | a broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas |
| Sill | a tabular igneous body that was intruded parallel to the layering of preexisting rock |
| Stratovolcano | A composite volcanic cone built of interlayered lava flows and pyroclastic materials |
| Vent | The point on the surface where magma leaves the volcano's pipe. |
| Viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flow |
| Volcanic neck | an isolated, steep-sided, erosional remnant consisting of lava that once occupied the vent of a volcano |
| Volcano | a mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material |
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