Ch 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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katelyn_091 on October 12, 2010
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cognitive inhibition | stopping oneself from thinking about or doing something, without it attention would be controlled by movement, intensity and change |
| cognitive self-regulation | an integrated learning process, consisting of the development of a set of constructive behaviors that affect one's learning. These processes are planned and adapted to support the pursuit of personal goals in changing learning environments. |
| concrete operational stage | Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, extending from about 7 to 11 years of age, during which thought becomes logical, flexible, and organized in its application to concrete information, but the capacity for abstract thinking is not yet present |
| convergent thinking | the type of cognition emphasized on intelligence tests, which involves arriving at a single correct answer to a problem. Distinguished from divergent thinking. Emphasized on intelligence tests |
| creativity | the ability to produce work that is original yet appropriate - something others have not thought of that is useful in some way. |
| decentration | Process of changing from a totally self-oriented point of view to one tha recognizes other people's feelings, ideas, and viewpoints |
| divergent thinking | the type of cognition associated with creativity, which involves generating multiple and unusual possibilities when faced with a task or problem. Distinguished from convergent thinking. |
| elaboration | a memory strategy that involves creating a relationship, or shared meaning, between two or more items of information that do not belong to the same category in order to improve recall. End of middle childhood |
| enuresis | inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination; often a family trait. Happens to 10% of kids. Has psychological impact. There are medications available |
| intelligence quotient | a measure of a person's intelligence as indicated by an intelligence test EX. the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age (multiplied by 100) |
| myopia | nearsightedness; 25% of children |
| obesity | a greater-than-20-percent increase over healthy body weight, based on the body mass index, a ratio of weight to height associated with body fat. |
| organization | in Piaget's theory, the internal rearrangement and linking together of schemes so that they form a strongly interconnected cognitive system. in information processing, a memory strategy that involves grouping related items together to improve recall (early grade school) |
| reciprocal teaching | kids take turns learning from each other. This helps students make predictions, formulate questions, summarize information, and clarify points of confusion when reading. |
| rehearsal | a memory strategy that involves repeating information to oneself to improve recall (early grade school) |
| reversibility | The ability to effect a change and then go back to the original condition by a reversal of the change, physically or mentally. |
| seriation | the ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight |
| talent | outstanding performance in a specific field |
| theory of multiple intelligences | Gardner's theory, which identifies eight independent intelligences on the basis of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities |
| transitive inference | the ability to seriate, or order items along a quantitative dimension, mentally |
| triarchic theory of intelligence | Sternberg's theory, in which intelligent behavior involves balancing three broad, interacting intelligences - analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence - to achieve success in life, according to one's personal goals and the requirements of one's cultural community |
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