Cell Organelles - Rachel
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28 terms
Sundanese | English |
|---|---|
| Nucleus |  location of DNA in cell -- synthesizes mRNA (therefore directs protein synthesis) which enters cytoplasm to ribosomes |
| Nuclear Envelope | double membrne separating the nucleus from the rest of the cell |
| Nulear Pores | Regulate the entry and exit of certain large macromolecules and particles |
| Nuclear Lamina | a netlike array of protein filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope |
| Nuclear Matrix | A framework of fibers, extending throughout the nuclear interior |
| Nucleolus | Makes ribosomal RNA, which assemble protiens into ribosomal subunits |
| Chromosomes | carry genetic information |
| Chromatin | a complex of proteins and DNA that make up chromosomes |
| Ribosomes | Particles made up of rRNA, carry out protein synthesis (begins with free ribosomes, if exported it moves and binds to the ER), consist of a large and small subunit |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | separates the internal part of the ER (lumen) from the cytosol), network of membranous tubules and sacs -- cisternae |
| Smooth ER | no ribosomes, synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs, detox of drugs/poisons -- adds OH group, stores calcium ions |
| Rough ER | has ribosomes, secreates protiens destined for deportations, makes membranes |
| Golgi Apparatus | where products of ER are modified and stored and sent out to other locations. Consists of cisternae (flattened membranous sac). Cis face located near the ER, accepts thier vesicles. Trans face gives rise to vesicle which pinches off and travels to other sites. |
| Lysosome | membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes, digests macromolecules, most effective in acidic enviornment |
| Autophagy | process where lysosome uses their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material |
| Phagocytosis | process by which protesis eat by engulging smller organisms or other food particles |
| Mitochonria | site of cellular resperation, enclosed by two membranes, generates ATP by extracting energy from fules with the help of O2, containes mitochondrial DNA and free ribozomes in its matrix |
| Cristae | infolding in the inner membrane of chromosomes giving it a large surface area for proteins |
| Chloroplasts | site of photosynthesis (converts solar energy to chemical energy), enclosed by two membranes, contains chloroplast DNA and ribosomes, membraneous system with flattened interconnected sacs called thylakoids, and each stack is called a granum and fluid outside thyakoid is called stoma |
| Vacule | storage, breakdown of waste, carry out hydrolysis |
| Central Vacuole | hold reserves of important organic compouds, main repository of inorganic ions, disposal site for metabolic by producs, allow cell to beome larger with out creating more cytoplasm (absorbs water and becomes bigger) |
| Peroxisomes | contain enzymes that transfer H from various substrates to O, producing H2O2 which is then converted to H2O and O2, break fatty acids down (used to fuel resperiation), deoxify alcohol and poison |
| Glycoxysome | convert fatty acids to sugar |
| Cytoskeleton | network of fibers composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments |
| Microtubules | thickest 9 sets of triplets compose centrioles (which create the centrosome) beat the flagella and cilia - 2 in center and made of doublets |
| Microfilament | thinnest, made by actin/myosin -- motor proteins bear pulling tensions, peudopdin is due to micro |
| Intermediate filaments | functions vary, could be made of keratines, permanents, surround the nucleus |
| Cell Wall | protect and shape the cell, made of cellulose, polysaccharides and proteins |
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