Preschool
About this set
Created by:
efroisland on October 12, 2010
Subjects:
Classes:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Erikson's Developmental theory for preschoolers (psychosocial) | Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years) Initiates new activities and considers new ideas |
| According to Erikson, what may increase feelings of guilt/inadequacy in the Preschooler? | Restriction in ability to explore and learn |
| Kohlberg's Developmental theory for preschoolers (Moral) | Preconventional (4-7 years) decisions are based on desire to please and avoid punishment |
| Piaget's Developmental theory for prescoolers (Cognitive) | Preoperational (2-7) years thinks by using words as symbols but logic not well developed; involves egocentrism, transductive reasoning, magical thinking and centration as well as animism. (same as Toddler) |
| Effects of hospitalization on preschool child's growth and development | Regression-encourage consistency amount caregivers Fears - Communicate with parents, allow child to participate in care. Therapeutic play. Rooming in. Decoration with familiar items. Role modeling. Ensure a safe environment |
| Prschl - Expected wt gain | 5 to 7 lbs/year |
| Prschl-Expected growth in height | 2.5 to 3 in/year |
| Prschl Body proportions | More slender appearance, more adult like proportions |
| Prschl Organ System Maturation | More rapid growth in muscles-accounts for 75% of weight gain. |
| Telegraphic speech | Using short sentences that contain only essential information such as "Want milk." |
| Imaginary friend | creative way to sample different activities and behaviors and practice conversational skills; able to easily switch from fantasy to reality. |
| Transduction | extrapolates from a particular situation to another even though events are not the same. ie., "Robert eats spaghetti and he's Italian. If I eat spaghetti, I'll become Itialian too." |
| What would be a preschoolers egocentric response to the question "why does the sun shine?" | "To keep me warm" |
| A preschooler might be upset if you kicked their teddy bear because of the concept of | animism - giving lifelike qualities to inanimate objects |
| If you want something very, very badly and it happens, then your wanting caused it to happen. This is an example of | Magical thinking |
| Depth perception and color detection by age | 5 |
| Visual acuity improves to 20/20 by age | 3 |
| Temperment expected of a preschooler | ranges from highly attentive and persistent to more distractable and active |
| Typical fears of a preschooler | loud noises, imaginary monsters, strangers, dark, mutilation, abandonment |
| Caregivers should handle preschooler's fears by | Acknowledging their fears rather than minimizing them. |
| By Preschool age, children are able to play | cooperatively (or associative). They are ready to share, take turns, compromise and listen to others. |
| Benefits of physical activity for a preschooler | improves gross motor skills, enhances self confidence, expends excess energy. |
| Appropriate Sex education for preschoolers | First find out what the child is asking before answering in depth. Find out what they already know first. |
| Nutritional needs for a preschooler | Calcium 500-800 mg Iron 10 mg 85 kCal/kg or 1800 calories/day |
| How to handle food fads and picky eaters | Parent's choice of food to serve, child's choice of eat or not. |
| Preventing obesity in the preschooler | Limit high sugar/high fat foods in favor of nutrients. Offer healthy foods and limit battles over eating. |
| Sleep requirements for Prschl | 12 hours/night. |
| Immunizations for Prschl | MMR, varicella, DTaP, and IPV (polio) or TOPV boosters, yearly flu shot |
| Appropriate age to learn to swim | age 5, but still not left unattended. |
| When is a punishment appropriate with preschoolers? | Punishment is reserved for intentional behavior that is dangerous, destructive or harmful to others. |
| The erect posture and steady gait seen in preschool children may be due to | movement of the foot toward the center of the body |
| Ear infections are more commonly seen in children because of ... | their short eustachian tubes, but they can now verbaize and pinpoint ear discomfort. |
| A preschooler trying new roles without feelings of guilt is an example of Erikson's | sense of initiative |
| Preschoolers learn to handle frustration in a positive manner by learning... | self control |
| Preschoolers diet should include foods containing | proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and limited fats |
| Milk requirement | 1 pt/day for calcium requirement |
| Sibling rivalry is best resolved by | separating the children if they cannot resolve the issue on their own. |
| Focus during the preschool years is on what three things? | increasing motor skills, improving vocabulary, and increasing knowledge about the environment. |
| Normal pulse for Prschl | 90-100 bpm |
| Normal blood pressure for Prschl | 100/60 mm Hg |
| Normal respiratory rate for Prschl | 22 to 25 breaths per minute |
| Can write letters, cut with scissors more accurately, and tie shoe laces by age | 5 |
| Capable of walking and running on their tiptoes, hopping and balancing on one foot, pedal a tricycle, use alternating feet while descending stairs by age | 4 |
| Capable of skipping on alternating feet, walking on a balance beam, learning simple dance steps, and catch a ball with both hands (ball sports) by age | 5 |
| The psychosocial task (Erikson) of the preschooler is the development of | initiative |
| Preschools should be selected on the basis of | philosophy, location and cost |
| Cognitive development in the preschooler (Piaget) is at the _________ stage | preoperational (same as Toddler) |
| In preschoolers, moral reasoning (Kohlberg) is learned mainly by | imitating parents or other adults (same as Toddlers) |
| Fat replaces the red bone marrow in the __________. From this time on, marrow is found in the _______________ of the body, such as the skull, sternum, vertebrae, pelvic bones | long bones; flat bones |
| These types of foods help prevent tooth decay | apples, celery, carrots and cheese, snacks low in carbs |
| This preschool age still requires assistance with tying shoes, manipulating clothing, personal hygiene, cutting food | 4 |
| This age can draw a simple face and use scissors to cut along a line | 4 |
| Preschoolers may become strongly attracted to the parent of the _________ sex | opposite |
| Purpose of preschool | to promote cognitive, motor and social development |
| Teacher-child ratio in preschool should be ... | 1 adult to every 4-6 two-year-olds w/ a max of 12 1 adult to every 7-10 three- to four-year olds, max of 20 |
| Safe water temperature | no higher than 110 F |
| Centration | Child focusing or centering attention on only one clue. ie. someone wearing a mask frightens the child. |
| Preschoolers lack reversibility which is.... | understanding how two actions are related to each other. ie., may watch liquid being poured from a short fat beaker into a tall thin beaker, but maintain that the tall beaker contains more fluid. |
| (Freud) Preschoolers begin to develop a superego, otherwise known as a _______ | conscience - self evaluation and criticism, the moral dimension of the child's personality. |
| Vocabularly by age 5 | 2000 to 2400 words |
| Things that develop Gross motor skills in preschoolers | jungle gyms, tricycles, Big Wheels, sports |
| Toys that develop fine motor skills | puzzles, construction sets, computer programs |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.