| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Mao Zedong | first communist leader/ brought in communism/ wanted to get rid of four olds/ established red guard (red brigade)/ died in 1976/ had the red book/ came to power in 1949/ started great leap forward/ started cultural revolution (got rid of Red Guards)/ established People's republic of china/ got rid of binding feet |
| Chiang Kai-shek | (1887–1975), Chinese statesman and general; president of China 1928–31 and 1943–49 and of Taiwan 1950–75. He tried to unite China by military means in the 1930s but was defeated by the Communists. Forced to abandon mainland China in 1949, he set up a separate Nationalist Chinese State in Taiwan. |
| Akbar | the Greatest Mogul leader |
| Ashoka | leader during the Mauryan Dynasty; after witnessing the results of a gruesome battle he converts to Buddhism |
| Benazir Bhutto | female leader of Pakistan; recently assassinated |
| Indira Gandhi | Nehru's daughter and Prime Minister of India, she was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards |
| Mohandas Gandhi | A lawyer in India who used nonviolence, and especially Civil Disobedience to end British rule in India. He was one of the many philosophers who influenced Martin Luther King Jr.; he is known as Mahatma, "Great Soul" |
| Rajiv Ghandi | son of Indira, and grandson of Nehru, he was assassinated |
| Siddartha Gautauma | now known as the Buddha, this man started Buddhism |
| Jinnah | first Prime Minister of Pakistan |
| Nehru | first Prime Minister of India |
| Mahavira | He established Jainism in the 500s; He emphasized meditation, self-denial and non-violence to all living things. |
| Chandragupta Maurya | this man established the Mauryan Empire |
| Shah Jahan | the fifth Mogul emperor of India. During his reign, from 1628 to 1658, the Mogul Empire reached its zenith in prosperity and luxury. He built the Taj Mahal to honor the death of his beloved wife. |
| Guru Nanak | this man founded Sikhism |
| Confucius | Chinese philosopher. His social and moral teachings, collected in the Analects , tried to replace former religious observances |
| Deng Xiaoping | Mao's successor; created the 4 modernizations, was leader when Gorbachev of the U.S.S.R came, was leader during Tiananmen Square |
| Empress Dowager Cixi | Empress of China during early 1800's; mother of Emperor Guang, she put her son under house arrest; supported anti-foreign movements, and resisted reforms of the Chinese government and armed forces. |
| Kublai Khan | Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan; In 1271, he founded the Yuan Dynasty, and became the first Yuan emperor., |
| Laozi | the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) |
| Mencius | Confucius's greatest disciple; he has been called the second sage; wrote Analects. |
| Marco Polo | born in 1254 - Venice, Italy, set off for china in 1271, reached china in 1274, worked for Kublai Kahn, went to war with Kahn's relatives, stayed in China until age 40, died in 1324 |
| Empress Wu | She led the Tang Dynasty (625-705 AD); Only women emperor of China; powerful and cruel, along with talented and intelligent |
| Vladimir Putin | he was elected president of Russia in 2000, launched reforms aimed at boosting growth and budget revenues and keeping Russia on a strong economic track. |
| Uri Gagarin | Russian cosmonaut, first man in space |
| Peter the Great | He ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725; wanted closer ties to Western Europe; modernize and westernize Russia; created St. Petersburg |
| Karl Marx | introduced his take on communism which is named for him in The Communist Manifesto |
| Lenin | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924); he worked with Trotsky to gain control of Russia |
| Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) |
| Kerensky | Russian revolutionary who was head of the Provisional Government after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970) |
| Boris Yeltsin | He was the first President of the Russian Federation from 1991 to 1999. This era was a traumatic period in Russian history—a period marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. In June 1991 HE came to power on a wave of high expectations. On June 12 HE was elected president of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic with 57% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president in Russian history. But HE never recovered his popularity after endorsing radical economic reforms in early 1992 which were widely blamed for devastating the living standards of most of the Russian population. By the time he left office, HE was a deeply unpopular figure in Russia, with an approval rating as low as two percent by some estimates. |
| Catherine the Great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796); she embraced ideas of Enlightenment |
| Alexander II | the son of Nicholas I who, as czar of Russia, introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881) |
| Nicholas II | he was the last czar of Russia. He created a weak parliament called the Duma to appease reformers; still he was deposed during the Russian Revolution and executed by the Bolsheviks. |
| Vladimir | early Russian ruler who chose Byzantine Christianity as the official religion of "the Rus" |
| Ivan III (The Great) | (1442 - 1505) he ended Mongol rule in 1480 - took title of czar (ceasar) |
| Ivan IV (The Terrible) | the most powerful of the early czars. Learned, religious, and cruel. Saw treason everywhere and arrested, exiled, or excecuted many advisors, reduced boyars power, increased Russia's trade with western Europe and worked to expand borders, conquered Mongol lands to the east and south of Moscow (1530-1584) |
| Gorbachev | Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991; wanted reform; the U.S.S.R fell during his reign |
| Rasputin | Russian monk. Known for his sinful indulgences, his ability to cure Czarevich Alexis' hemophilia gave him power over Czar Nicholas II. He was assassinated in 1916. |
| Trotsky | friend of Lenin, but opponent of Stalin; eventually executed when Stalin was in power |
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