Unit 1 Language Aquisition
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nature | linguistic abilities have developed over time as a result of Darwinian evolution. |
| nurture | there is no innate linguistic ability; & linguistic evolution occurs as a result of learning and cultural evolution |
| Noam Chomsky | suggested that language is an innate faculty - that is to say that we are born with a set of rules about language in our heads |
| Universal Grammar | An innate blueprint that guides the acquisition of grammar |
| Noam Chomsky | believes that parts of the brain have evolved over time specifically for the purpose of producing and understanding language (nature) |
| Feral children | have grown up with little or no human contact. |
| Ivan Pavlov | developed a theory called Classical Conditioning |
| Classical conditioning | conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex |
| B.F. Skinner | pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments. |
| B.F. Skinner | famous for use of his operant conditioning aparatus which he used to study schedules of reinforcement on pidgeons and rats. |
| Operant conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. |
| Classical conditioning | Mother says, "Daddy," to the child each time Dad comes in the room. The child learns to associate the sound "Daddy" with the person. |
| Operant conditioning | Baby hits by chance upon the combination "da-da." Dad, upon hearing this immediately picks him up, swings him around and makes a fuss. |
| unconditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response. |
| unconditioned response | in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. |
| neutral stimulus | in classical conditioning a stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a particular response |
| conditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response |
| conditioned response | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). |
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