AP Gov Chapters 5 and 6 Vocab
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 due process of law | denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property |
| equal protection of the law | a standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government |
| selective incorporation | court cases that apply Bill of Rights to states |
| freedom of expression | right of people to speak, publish, and assemble |
| freedom of religion | people shall be free to exercise their religion, and government may not establish a religion |
| prior restraint | censorship of a publication |
| clear and present danger test | law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions |
| libel | writing that falsely injures another person |
| symbolic speech | an act that conveys a political message |
| free-exercise clause | first amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion |
| establishment clause | first amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion" |
| wall of separation | court ruling that government cannot be involved in religion |
| exclusionary rule | improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial |
| search warrant | a judge's order authorizing a search |
| probable cause | reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion |
| good faith exception | an error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in a trial |
| civil rights | the rights of people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences |
| separate but equal doctrine | the doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities |
| de jure segregation | racial segregation that is required by law |
| de facto segregation | racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement |
| civil disobedience | opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment |
| police powers | state power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals |
| equality of result | making certain that people achieve the same result |
| affirmative action | programs designed to increase minority participation in some institution (businesses, schools, labor unions, or government agencies) by taking positive steps to appoint more minority group members |
| reverse discrimination | using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people |
| equality of opportunity | giving people an equal chance to succeed |
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