Ch. 6 Chemistry of Life
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| Atom | Atom The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element |
| Nucleus | The center of an element |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| Compound | A substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined, |
| Covalent Bond | When two atoms share e- such as H sharing with O in water what is name of the bond?, |
| Ionic Bond | Attractive force between two ions of opposite charge |
| Mixture | A combination of substances in which the individual compoenets retain their own properties, |
| pH | The measure of how acidic or basic a solution is |
| Acid | Any substance that forms hydrogen ions H+ in water |
| Base | Any substance that forms hydroxide ions OH- in water |
| Ion | A charged particle |
| Ionic Bond | The chemical bond between a metal and non-metal |
| Covalent Bond | Covalent Bond The chemical bond between a non-metal and non-metal |
| Halogen Group | The most reactive non-metals. |
| Alkali | The most reactive metals |
| Triple Bound | A covalent bond in which 3 pairs of electrons are shared |
| Double Bond | A covalent bond in which 2 pairs of electrons are shared. |
| 1 + charge | Any elements in group 1 |
| 2 + charge | Any elements in group 2 |
| Noble Gases | Group 8 elements that are non-reactive |
| Valence Electrons | Electrons in the outer energy level |
| Acid | Any substance that releases hydrogen ions when in water |
| Base | Any substance that releases OH- hydroxide ions when in water |
| Strong Base | Closer to 14 on the pH scale |
| Acid | Sour taste |
| Base | Bitter and Slippery |
| Molecule | The base unit of substance such as H2O |
| Metabolism | All the chemical reactions within an organism |
| Solution | e distributed evenly in another substance (solvent). |
| Polar Molecule | A molecule with an uneven distribution of charge |
| Hydrogen Bond | A intermolecular interaction formed between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) |
| Diffusion | The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | Continuous movement but no overall change in concentration. |
| Isomer | Compounds that have the same simple formula but different three dimensional structures. Such as fructose and glucose |
| Polymer | A large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| Carbohydrate | An organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Lipid | Organic compounds that have a large proportion of C-H bonds and less oxygen than carbs., |
| Protein | A large complex polymer conposed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and usually sulfur |
| Amino Acid | The basic building blocks of proteins |
| Peptide Bond | The covalent bond formed between the amino acids. |
| Enzyme | A protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction |
| Nucleic Acid | A complex macromolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code. |
| Nucleotide | Subunits that make up nucleic acids |
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