English Grammar
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Objective Case | (IO,DO,OP) Pronouns: me, him, her, them, us, whom |
| Nominative Case | (S, PN) I, he, she, they, we, who |
| (DO) Direct Object | takes an action verb and answers the question. "(action verb) who or what?" |
| (IO) Indirect Object | takes an action verb and answers the question. "(action verb) to who or whom?" |
| (OP) Object of a preposition | The object will be the very next noun or pronoun AFTER the preposition. |
| (S) Subject | Noun and answers. "Who or what...(rest of sentence)?" |
| (PN) Predicate Nominative | renames the subject and follows a state of being verb. Ex: is |
| Singular Indefinite Pronouns | another, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, one, somebody, someone |
| Plural Indefinite Pronouns | both, few, many, several Bob Fought Many Sharks |
| Singular of Plural Indefinite Pronouns | all, any, most, none, some In this case.... look into prepositional phrase to see if subject is singular or plural. |
| Singular | Words of Amount and Time |
| If noun is singular use... | a singular verb which ends with an S. |
| If noun is plural use... | a plural verb which doesn't end in S. |
| Parallelism | Error: A solution might be taking a deep breath, listening to music, or to spend time with family. Corrected: A solution might be taking a deep breath, listening to music, or spending time with family. |
| Parallelism | Error: He enjoyed traveling to Wisconsin where he would spend time hiking, fishing, and he also liked to camp out. Corrected: He enjoyed traveling to Wisconsin where he would spend time hiking, fishing, and camping. |
| Singular | possessive singluar nouns not ending in s by adding an apostrophe plus the letter s. Ex: The dog's tail. |
| Plural but doesn't end in S | possesive plural nouns not ending in s by adding an apostrophe plus the letter s. Ex: The children's toys. |
| Plural | possessive plural nouns that end in s by adding just an apostrophe. Ex: The boys' soccer team. |
| Awkward | Jesus(iz)=>Jesus' teachings possesive nouns |
| Items in a series | use commas to separate _____ __ _ _______. Ex: Steve enjoys eating, running, reading, and breathing. |
| Transitions | parenthetical expressions are set off by commas. Ex: Therefore, Steve headed straight to Skyline. For example, Nevertheless, In fact, etc. |
| Intro Abverbial Clause | Use a comma after an ___ ________ _______. (SWABI) Ex: When Skyline closed, Steve went home. |
| Intro Participial Phrase | Put a comma after an _____ _______ ________. Ex: Craving something hot and spicy, Steve went to Skyline. |
| Independent Clauses | Use a comma before a conjunction when it is connecting __________ ___________. Ex: Steve went to Skyline, but I went home. |
| Mild Interjections | Use a comma after ___________ ____________ such as "oh," "yes," "no," and "well." |
| Off Set Direct Quote | Use commas to set off explanatory words that precede or follow a direct quotation. (ex. Steve said, Steve replied, and Steve asked) Steve said, "Let's go to the Skyline in Montgomery." |
| Interrupter | use commas to set off one or more words that ____________ the flow of thought in a sentence. Ex: Steve, however, was not interested in going to Empress Chili. |
| non-essential appositives phrase | Use commas to set off not necessary _________. Ex: Skyline, the best resaurant in town, opened early just for Steve. |
| non-essential adjective clause | use commas to set off: who, whos, which. (common intros of _____) Ex: Steve, who was my closet acquaintance, never had a girlfriend because he always smelled like chili. |
| Capitalization | My mom went to the mall. (his/her, your, my) I went to the mall with Mom. (a name could be substituted) |
| Concerning Classes | Languages are always capitalized. Other classes are capitalized when they are follwed by a section number. |
| Incomplete construction | He is smarter than (I, me). answer: I |
| Comparative vs. Superlative | He is taller than his brother. (comparing two) He is the tallest student in the class. (comparing more than two) |
| Affect vs. Effect | That affected me. (verb) That had a tremendous effect on my grade. (noun) |
| Spelling | to vs. too loose vs. lose participial vs. participle |
| Split Infinitive | cannot split [to] infinitive and [go] verb. Error: Bob wanted to not go to the mall. Correct: Bob wanted not to go to the mall. |
| Adjectives of Equal Rank | comma between two adjectives that are equal and can be switched around and put an and in there and it sounds natural Ex: Steve bought a hot, tasty bowl of chili. |
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