MIS412 Chapter 3
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Created by:
huegeljm on October 14, 2010
Subjects:
management information systems
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Internet | An interconnected network of thousands of networks and millions of computers linking businesses, educational institutions, government agencies, and individuals |
| World Wide Web | one of the Internet's most popular services, providing access to over 50 billion Web pages |
| Packet Switching | a method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destination |
| Packet | the discrete units into which digital messages are sliced for transmission over the Internet |
| Router | special-purpose computer that interconnects the computer networks that make up the Internet and routes packets to their ultimate destination as they travel the Internet |
| Routing Algorithm | computer program that ensures that packets take the best available path toward their destination |
| Protocol | a set of rules and standards for data transfer |
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (Tcp/Ip) | the core communications protocol for the internet |
| Tcp | protocol that establishes the connections among sending and receiving Web computers and handles the assembly of packets at the point of transmission, and their reassembly at the receiving end |
| Ip | protocol that provides the Internet's addressing scheme and is responsible for the actual delivery of the packets |
| Network Interface Layer | responsible for placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium |
| Internet Layer | responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the Internet |
| Transport Layer | responsible for providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets to and from the application |
| Application Layer | provides a wide variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers |
| Internet Address | Internet address expressed as a 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers marked off by periods, such as 64.49.254.91 |
| Domain Name | IP address expressed in natural language |
| Domain Name System (Dns) | system for expressing numeric IP addresses in natural language |
| Uniform Resource Locator (Url) | the address used by a Web browser to identify the location of content on the Web |
| Client/Server Computing | a model of computing in which powerful personal computers are connected in a network together with one or more servers |
| Client | a powerful personal computer that is part of a network |
| Server | networked computer dedicated to common functions that the client computers on the network need |
| Cloud Computing | model of computing in which firms and individuals obtain computing power and software over the Internet |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Http) | the internet protocol used for transferring Web pages |
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Smtp) | the Internet protocol used to send mail to a server |
| Post Office Protocol 3 (Pop3) | a protocol used by the client to retrieve mail from an Internet server |
| Internet Message Access Protocol (Imap) | a more current e-mail protocol that allows users to search, organize, and filter their mail prior to downloading it from the server |
| File Transfer Protocol (Ftp) | one of the original Internet services. Part of the TCP/IP protocol that permits users to transfer files from the server to their client computer, and vice versa |
| Telnet | a terminal emulation program that runs in TCP/IP |
| Secure Sockets Layer (Ssl) | a protocol that secures communications between the client and the server |
| Ping | a program that allows you to check the connection between your client and the server |
| Tracert | one of several route-tracing utilities that allow you to follow the path of a message you send from your client to a remote computer on the Internet |
| Pathping | combines the functionality offered by Ping and Tracert |
| Network Technology Substrate Layer | layer of Internet technology that is composed of telecommunications networks and protocols |
| Transport Services And Representation Standards Layer | layer of Internet architecture that houses the TCP/IP protocol |
| Applications Layer | layer of Internet architecture that contains client applications |
| Middleware Services Layer | the "glue" that ties the applications to the communications networks, and includes such services as security, authentication, addresses, and storage repositories |
| Network Service Provider (Nsp) | owns and controls one of the major networks comprising the Internet's backbone |
| Backbone | high-bandwidth fiber-optic cable that transports data across the Internet |
| Bandwidth | measures how much data can be transferred over a communications medium within a fixed period of time; is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps),or gigabits per second (Gbps) |
| Redundancy | multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network |
| Internet Exchange Point (Ixp) | hub where the backbone intersects with local and regional networks and where backbone owners connect with one another |
| Campus Area Networks (Can) | generally, a local area network operating within a single organization that leases access to the Web directly from regional and national carriers |
| Internet Service Provider (Isp) | firm that provides the lowest level of service in the multi-tiered Internet architecture by leasing Internet access to home owners, small businesses, and some large institutions |
| Narrowband | the traditional telephone modem connection, now operating at 56.6 Kbps |
| Broadband | refers to any communication technology that permits clients to play streaming audio and video files at acceptable speeds—generally anything above 100 Kbps |
| Digital Subscriber Line (Dsl) | delivers high-speed Access through ordinary telephone lines found in homes or businesses |
| Cable Modem | piggybacks digital Access to the Internet on top of the analog video cable providing television signals to a home |
| T1 | an international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps |
| T3 | an international telephone standard for digital communication that offers guaranteed delivery at 45 Mbps |
| Intranet | a TCP/IP network located within a single organization for purposes of communications and information processing |
| Extranet | formed when firms permit outsiders to access their internal TCP/IP networks |
| Latency | delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of information packets through the network |
| Internet2® | a consortium of more than 200 universities, government agencies, and private businesses that are collaborating to find ways to make the Internet more efficient |
| Gigapop | a regional Gigabit Point of Presence, or point of access to the Internet2 network, that supports at least one gigabit (1 billion bits) per second information transfer |
| Fiber-Optic Cable | consists of up to hundreds of strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit data |
| Photonics | the study of communicating with light waves |
| Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) | also referred to as 802.11b, 802.11a (Wi-Fi5), and 802.16 (WiMAX). Wireless standard for Ethernet networks with greater speed and range than Bluetooth |
| Bluetooth | new technology standard for short-range wireless communication under 10 meters |
| Zigbee | a less-expensive, lowpower, and simpler form of radio network operating in the 2.4 GHz band and other bands that allows small appliances and sensors to talk with one another |
| Ip Multicasting | a set of technologies that enables efficient delivery of data to many locations on a network |
| Diffserv (Differentiated Quality Of Service) | a new technology that assigns levels of priority to packets based on the type of data being transmitted |
| Mosaic | Web browser with a graphical user interface (GUI) that made it possible to view documents on the Web graphically |
| Universal Computing | the sharing of files, information, graphics, sound, video, and other objects across all computer platforms in the world, regardless of operating system |
| Netscape Navigator | the first commercial Web browser |
| Internet Explorer | Microsoft's Web browser |
| Hypertext | a way of formatting pages with embedded links that connect documents to one another, and that also link pages to other objects such as sound, video, or animation files |
| Hypertext Markup Language (Html) | one of the next generation of GMLs that is relatively easy to use in Web page design. HTML provides Web page designers with a fixed set of markup "tags" that are used to format a Web page |
| Extensible Markup Language (Xml) | a markup language specification developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that is designed to describe data and information |
| Web Server Software | software that enables a computer to deliver Web pages written in HTML to client computers on a network that request this service by sending an HTTP request |
| Database Server | server designed to access specific information with a database |
| Ad Server | server designed to deliver targeted banner ads |
| Mail Server | server that provides e-mail messages |
| Video Server | server that serves video clips |
| Web Client | any computing device attached to the Internet that is capable of making HTTP requests and displaying HTML pages, most commonly a Windows PC or Macintosh |
| Electronic Mail (E-Mail) | the most-used application of the Internet. Uses a series of protocols to enable messages containing text, images, sound, and video clips to be transferred from one Internet user to another |
| Attachment | a file inserted within an e-mail message |
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