Pelvic limb
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Created by:
jessteague on October 14, 2010
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147 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 what makes up the pelvic girdle? | 2 os coxae- united at the pelvic symphasis and sacrum |
| at what age does the acetabular bone fuse with the other hip bones? | ~3months |
| where does the ligament of the femoral head attach? what's it's purpose? | attaches from the head of femur to the acetabular fossa/ connects the femur to the acetabulum |
| where does the transverse acetabular ligament attach? purpose? | connect the two sides of the acetabular notch/ appears superficial to the ligament of the femoral head... may blend though |
| in the equine, what is the extra ligament associated with the coxofemoral joint? | Accessory ligament inserts on the non-articular side of the head of femur |
| what is the purpose of obturator sulcus? | it's a groove for the obturator nerve- located at the cranial end of the obturator foramen |
| purpose of iliopubic eminence? | pectineus m. attaches |
| what composes the prepubic tendon? | tendons of the paired rectus abdominis and pectineus muscles |
| what attaches to the acetabular fossa? | ligament of the head of the femur |
| what is the specific area called on the femur where the ligament of the head of the femur inserts? | fovea capitis femoris |
| what attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur? | middle and deep gluteal mm. |
| what muscles attach to the trochanteric fossa? | gemelli, external obturator, internal obturator mm. |
| what muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter? | iliopsoas m. |
| where does the superficial gluteal m. attach? | third trochanter |
| where do the vastus parts of the quadriceps femoris attach? | smooth, proximal, cranial border of femur |
| what part of the femur articulates with the patella? | trochlea |
| what is the patella? | sesamoid in the tendon of insertion of the large quadriceps femoris that extends the stifle joint |
| where are the medial/lateral fabellae found? | in the tendons of origin of the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius m. |
| where does the gastrocnemius m. arise from? | medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities |
| where do the collateral ligaments of the stifle attach? | medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur |
| what attaches to the lateral epicondyle of the femur? | popliteus m. |
| what arises from the extensor fossa of the femur? | long digital extensor |
| what inserts just proximal to the medial epicondyle? | semimembranosus m. |
| what side of the tibia does the fibula articulate? | lateral- a facet which also provides origin for part of the peroneus longus(fibularis longus) and cranial tibial mm. |
| what fills the space between the apposed condyles of the femur and tibia? | Menisci |
| what attaches to the tibial tuberosity? | quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, sartorius all attach by means of the patellar ligament and patella |
| what passes through the extensor groove of the tibia? | long digital extensor |
| what is the hallux? | the first digit- frequently absent aka: dewclaw |
| what animal does not have a sacrotuberous ligament? | cat |
| what is different about the greater trochanter in the LA? | its split into cranial and caudal parts |
| what is the purpose of the patella? | redirects the tendon of insertion of the quadriceps helps protect tendon and joint |
| what is the significance of the lateral malleolus of the fibula? | contains grooves that redirect the force of contraction of the tendons of the peroneus longus, lateral digital extensor, peroneus brevis |
| what is different about the bovine tarsal bones? | central and fourth are fused 2 and 3 are fused |
| what is different about the equine tarsal bones? | 1 and 2 are fused |
| what feature is present only in LA on the metatarsal bones? | metatarsal tuberosity |
| name the equine metatarsal bones medially to laterally.. | metatarsal 2(med) -- metatarsal 3--metatarsal 4(lat) |
| which bovine metatarsals are fused? | 3(medial) and 4(lateral) |
| what is the most proximal joint of the pelvic limb? | sacroiliac joint |
| what is the hip joint called? | coxofemoral joint |
| what joint can we find the lateral and medial menisci? | stifle joint |
| Superficial gluteal m. | tuber sacrale, 3rd trochanter/extend hip, aBduct limb |
| middle gluteal m. | greater trochanter, gluteal surface/ extend hip, abduct limb AND rotate Medially (M=middle and medially) |
| deep gluteal m. | greater trochanter, ischiatic spine/ extend and abduct hip AND rotate medially |
| internal obturator, external obturator, gemilli, quadratus femoris mm. all function to do what?? | rotate limb LATERALLY antagonists to the middle and deep gluteal mm. |
| tensor fascia latae m. | tuber coxae, lateral femoral fascia/flex hip, extend stifle, tense lateral femoral fascia |
| iliopsoas m. | lesser trochanter, lumbar vertebrae/ *MAJOR hip flexor |
| biceps femoris m. | sacrotuberous lig., ischiatic tuberosity, patella, patellar lig., cranial tibia, tuber calcanei/ extend hip and hock, flex and extend stifle |
| what muscles make up the common calcanean tendon? | biceps femoris, semi-T, gracilis, gastrocnemius,superficial digital flexor mm. |
| Semitendinosus m. | ischiatic tuberosity, tibial tuberosity, tuber calcanei/ extend hip and hock, flex stifle |
| what is different about the horse and pig's semi-T m.? | it has a vertebral head |
| Semimembranosus m. | ischiatic tuberosity, caudal femur, proximal tibia/ extend hip, flex and extend stifle |
| what is different about the Semi-M? | has two heads |
| Gracilis m. | pelvic symphysis, cranial tibia, tuber calcanei/ extend hip and hock, flex stifle, aDduct limb |
| Adductor m. | floor of pelvis, medial epicondyle of femur/ extends hip, MAJOR adductor of limb |
| Pectineus m. | caudal femur, pubic tubercle(by prepubic tendon)/ ADduct the limb |
| Sartorius m. | 2 parts- caudal is thinner (only 1 in equine) tuber coxae, patella, cranial tibia/ flex hip and flex/ extend the stifle |
| Quadriceps femoris m. | 4 heads all fuse distally All attach to the tibial tuberosity/ extend stifle rectus femoris attaches to the ilium(flexes hip) |
| what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris m.? | Rectus femoris- hot dog vastus lateralis, vastus medialis- bun vastus intermedias- under the hot dog |
| cranial tibial m. | extensor groove of tibia, plantar surface of the base of metatarsals I-II Flexes tarsus, rotates paw laterally |
| what is different about the cranial tibial m. in the horse? | splits into 2 branches after the peroneus tertius tendon Dorsal branch inserts on metatarsal tuberosity Medial branch= Cunean tendon, inserts on fused tarsals 1 and 2 |
| what is the cunean tendon? what's associated with it? | the medial branch of the cranial tibial m. in the equine Cunean bursa |
| long digital extensor m. | extensor fossa of femur, extensor process of distal phalanges II-V flexes tarsus, extends digits |
| peroneus longus m. | lateral condyle of tibia, tarsal bone 4, plantar part of base of metatarsals flexes tarsus, Rotates paw medially |
| what is the antagonist to the peroneus longus m. regarding rotation of the paw? | cranial tibial m. rotates laterally peroneus longus m. rotates medially |
| what's different about the peroneus longus m. in the horse? | it is called the peroneus tertius completely tendinous divides into 2 branches at the hock- dorsal, lateral |
| gastrocnemius m. | 2 heads medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur, tuber calcanei flex stifle, extend tarsus |
| superficial digital flexor m. | lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur, tuber calcanei, bases of midle phalanges of digits II-V flexes stifle, extends tarsus, flexes first 2 digital joints of 4 main digits |
| deep digital flexor m. | 3 muscles make up: medial and lateral dig. flexors & caudal tibial m. proximal end of tibia, fibula, plantar surface of base of each distal phalanx extends tarsus, flexes digits |
| popliteus m. | lateral condyle of femur, caudal tibia rotate limb medially |
| trochanteric bursa | large animal only lies between the cranial greater trochanter and accessory head of the middle gluteal m. |
| calcanean bursae (3) | subcutaneous calcanean bursa intertendinous calcanean bursa sub tendinous calcanean bursa of the gastrocnemius m. |
| large animal retinaculums | proximal extensor retinaculum middle extensor retinaculum distal extensor retinaculum lateral extensor retinaculum flexor retinaculum |
| small animal retinaculums | crural extensor retinaculum tarsal extensor retinaculum flexor retinaculum |
| what muscles does the proximal extensor retinaculum hold in? | cranial tibial m, long digital extensor m., peroneus tertius m. |
| what muscles does the middle extensor retinaculum hold in? | forms a loop around the long digital extensor m. |
| what muscles does the distal extensor retinaculum hold in? | lateral digital extensor m. |
| what muscles does the lateral extensor retinaculum hold in? | lateral digital extensor m. |
| what muscles does the flexor retinaculum hold in? | deep digital flexor m. |
| what muscles does the crural extensor retinaculum hold in? | cranial tibial m., long digital extensor m. |
| what muscles does the tarsal extensor retinaculum hold in? | long digital extensor m. |
| what muscles does the flexor retinaculum hold in? | deep digital flexor m. |
| what pelvic ligament is found in small animal but not large? | sacrotuberous ligament |
| what pelvic ligament is found in the large animal but not small? | sacrosciatic ligament |
| what two ligaments are associated with the hip joint? | tranverse acetabular ligament ligament of the head of the femur |
| boundaries of the pelvic inlet? | arcuate line and promontory of sacrum |
| boundaries of the pelvic outlet? | ischiatic arch, first caudal vertebra, superficial gluteal m., muscles of pelvic diaphragm, sacrotuberous ligament |
| what muscles form the common calcaneal tendon in the canine?? | biceps femoris m., semitendinosus m.,gracilis m., gastrocnemius m., superficial digital flexor m. |
| what muscle is not part of the equine common calcaneal tendon? | gracilis m. |
| name the patellar ligaments in the equine? | medial, intermediate, lateral |
| what ligament opposes force of the common calcaneal tendon? | long patellar ligament |
| name the sesmoidian ligaments | intersesamoidean straight oblique cruciate |
| nuchal ligament | axis to T1 cats and pigs do not have |
| supraspinous ligament | T1-caudal vertabree continuation of the nuchal ligament |
| what does the transverse acetabular ligament closely relate with? | the ligament of the femoral head |
| where are the menisci found? | between each femoral condyle and it'scorresponding tibial condyle |
| what ligaments are found on the lateral side of the stifle joint of the canine? | lateral collateral lig. tendon of popliteus cranial lig. of fibular head tendon of long digital extensor m. |
| what ligaments are found on the medial side of the stifle joint canine? | medial collateral lig. |
| what motion do the collateral ligaments prevent in the stifle? | side to side motion |
| what motion do the cruciate ligaments prevent in the stifle? | front to back motion |
| where is the meniscofemoral ligament's purpose? | attaches the lateral meniscus to the intercondylar fossa of the femur |
| where would one take blood or palpate for a pulse in the pelvic limb of LA? SA? | LA-dorsal metatarsal artery III-lateral side between MT 3/4 SA- femoral triangle- femoral artery |
| what is the difference between the superficial and deep fascia? | ... |
| what is the major flexor of the hip? extensor of the hip? | Iliopsoas m./ middle gluteal m. |
| what are the palpable borders of the femoral triangle? | Iliopsoas m., Pectinius m., sartorius m. I PEE SLOWLY |
| how is the stifle joint stabalized? | meniscofemoral ligament- caudal side medial/lateral collateral ligaments cranial/caudal cruciate ligaments tendon of origin of the popliteus m.- lateral side |
| what are the anti-gravity muscles in the hind limb? | ... |
| why is the popliteal surface important clinically? | ... |
| what structures compose the stay apparatus of the hind limb? | ... |
| where do ribs articulate? | ... |
| how/where do the spinal nerves exit the vertebral column? | ... |
| where would you administer epidural anesthesia? | ... |
| where would you collect CSF? | ... |
| what structures make up the inguinal canal? | ... |
| why do we have an inguinal canal? | ... |
| what structures go through the inguinal canal in the male? | vaginal tunic- covers testis and spermatic cord spermatic cord external pudental artery, nerve genitofemoral nv. cremaster muscle |
| what is the clinical significance to understanding the area of the inguinal canal? | ... |
| what is seen with flexor contracture? | the animal looks like it's on it's tippy toes a animal's heel won't touch the ground |
| what is seen with flexor laxation? | the tendon is too loose, the foot looks like it's falling to the ground |
| purpose of epaxial mm.? | to extend the spine 3 systems |
| transverseospinalis system of epaxial mm.? | spinalis semispinalis splenius semispinalis capitis |
| longissimus system of epaxial mm.? | longissimus thoracis longissimus cervicis longissimus capitis |
| iliocostalis system of epaxial mm.? | iliocostalis lumborum iliocostalis thoracis |
| hypaxial muscle function? | flex the spine |
| hypaxial mm.? | longus capitis longus colli scalenus serratus ventralis serratus dorsalis external intercostals internal intercostals |
| which hypaxial mm. flex the neck? | longus capitis longus colli scalenus **These have NO function in respiration!!** |
| what passes through the transverse foramina ? | vertebral artery, vein, and nerve |
| what is a laminectomy? | removal of part of the vertebral bone known as the lamina |
| canine vertebral formula? | C7 T13 L7 S3 |
| equine vertebral formula? | C7 T18 L6 S5 |
| bovine vertebral formula? | C7 T13 L6 S5 |
| what is the axis? | the longest vertebrae |
| what structures pass through the inguinal canal in females? | vaginal process- fat round ligament of the uterus external pudendal artery and vein genitofemoral nerve |
| what serves as the entrance to the inguinal canal? exit? | deep inguinal ring=entrance superficial inguinal ring=exit |
| name the hip extensors. | biceps femoris semi-T semi-M gracilis adductor superficial, middle, deep gluteals quadratus femoris |
| name the stifle extensors. | biceps femoris semi-M sartorius- cranial part tensor fasciae latae quiadriceps femoris mm. |
| name the hock (tarsal) extensors. | biceps femoris semi-T gracilis gastrocnemius SDF DDF |
| name the limb adductors. | gracilis pectineus adductor |
| name the lateral rotators | internal obturator external obturator gemelli quadratus femoris |
| name the digit extensors | long digital extensor m. |
| lateral rotators of the paw. | cranial tibial m. |
| name the hip flexors | iliopsoas tensor fasciae latae rectus femoris sartorius |
| name the stifle flexors | biceps femoris-caudal only semi-T semi-M- tibial attachment sartorius- caudal part gracilis gastrocnemius SDF |
| name the hock(tarsal) flexors | cranial tibial long digital extensor peroneus longus |
| name the limb abductors. | superficial, middle, deep gluteal mm. |
| name the medial rotators of the limb. | middle, deep gluteal popliteus |
| name the digital flexors. | peroneus longus SDF (1st two joints) DDF( all 3 joints) |
| what medially rotates the paw? | peroneus longus m. |
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