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friction Causes some mechanical energy to change into thermal energy mechanical energy Total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system. joule SI unit of energy energy The ability to cause change gravitational potential energy The energy stored by things that are above the earth. potential energy Stored energy due to position elastic potential energy Energy stored by things that stretch or compress kinetic energy Energy in the form of motion chemical potential energy Energy stored in chemical bonds calorie Unit used to measure energy in food law of conservation of nergy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed kilogram (kg) standard unit for mass m/s standard unit for speed m/s squared standard unit for acceleration watt standard unit for power Newton (N) standard unit for force Joule (J) standard unit for work meter (m) standard unit for distance Kelvin Standard unit for thermal energy wedge Name the simple machine: ax screw Name the simple machine: incline plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post wheel and axle Name the simple machine: a steering wheel inclined plane Name the simple machine: sloping surface used to raise an object pulley Name the simple machine: grooved wheel with a rope, simple chain, or cable running along a groove Thermal energy The sum of kinetic and potential energy of all the atoms in an object specific heat Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree C or K heat Thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature. temperature related to the average kinetic energy of an objec't atoms or molecules work transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move g=9.8 m/s2, mass, hieght The three things used to claculate gravitational potential energy friction (example: moving a tire) what can cause kinetic energy to chnage into thermal energy Throwing a ball upward An example of kinetic energy being converted into potential energy is ______ . same The mechanical energy of a system always remains the ______. decreases If the mechanical advantage of a lever decreases, the output force ________ a compound machine a hand-operated can opener is an example of what kind of machine? simple machine A machine that does work with one main motion is a _________. insulator A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection and radiation is called a/an _______. convection The process of warm water rising and cold water sinking in the ocean is called ________________. R-value The effecitveness of insulation is rated with a/an _____. Better The higher the R-value the _______ the insulation. matter The transfer of thermal energy by radiation does not require _______.