1.
Alexander the Great: Had a heard of the riches of India, after conquering Persia, conquered the plains of Northwestern India and The Indus River Valley
2.
Arjuna: A hero of the Hindu Epic, means "bright"
3.
Arthasastra: a wife who had been deserted by her husband, who could seek divorce-Divorce was prohibited, except for conditions such as this.
4.
Aryans: Thought of destroying the Harappan culture-they arrived when the Greatness of the Harappan culture had passed-invented iron plow and irrigation
5.
asceticism: A lifestyle involving the denial of worldly pleasures. Mainly in Hinduism, Buddhist, and Christian religions.
6.
Asokan pillars: - series of columns dispersed throughout the northern Indian subcontinent, erected or at least inscribed by the Mauryan king Ashoka during his reign in the 3rd century BCE
7.
Atman: The individual soul
The concept means the soul was subject to rebirth and thus did not achieve a complete liberation from the cares of this world
8.
Bodhi: -wisdom (source of the term Buddhism and the familiar name for Gautama the Wise: Gautama Buddha)
9.
Brahman: - Top of the scale in Hinduism, who by definition are closest to ultimate release from law of reincarnation
10.
brahmins: The top of the social scale-the priests
11.
Buddhism: - A religion and philosophy based on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama in 500 B.C.E Principally practiced in China, India, and other parts of Asia, Buddhism has 360 million followers and is considered a major religion
12.
Chandragupta Maurya: was the founder of the Maurya Empire.- succeeded in conquering most of the Indian subcontinent.
13.
Dharma: - The law of the karma in Hinduism, imposes different requirements on different individuals depending on their status in society
14.
Dravidians: A rich mixture of people who lived in the Harappan Society- probally descended from Indus River Culture.
15.
Dyaus: Dyaus is the god of the Sky. He is also a god of fertility. Dyaus appears as a bull.
16.
Four Noble Truths: - Life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire, the way to end suffering is to end desire and the way to end desire is to avoid the extremes of life of vulgar materialism and life of self-torture and the follow the Middle Path
17.
Ganges River: Transformed the Ganges River Valley into one of the richest agricultural regions in all of South Asia.
18.
Harappan seals: The only surviving artifacts of Harappan Writing-pictograohic symbols inscribed in clay seals
19.
Harappans: Highest artistic Achievement, writing Achievement, the origin of the people is not certain.
20.
Hinduism: One of the world's great religions-had a sacred text of the Vedas
21.
Indra: Dyaus had three children with the goddess Prithvi. His daughter Ushas was the goddess of the dawn. His two sons were Agni, the god of fire, and Indra, the god of thunder.
22.
Indus River: Supported the Harappan Society. The major river that flows through the Indian Subcontinent.
23.
jati: The group of people who did not belong to a particular class- a system of extended families that originated in Ancient India
24.
Karma: - one's rebirth in next life is determined by one's karma (actions) in life ( Hinduism)
25.
Krishna: The supreme being of Hinduism
26.
kshatriya: A member of the warrior class- the second class-below the Brahmins
27.
Law of Mann: an early treatise on social organization and behavior in Ancient India- women where subordinated to the men- first to men, then to their husband, then to their sons
28.
Mahabharata and Ramayana: Mahabharata: consists of more than 90, 000 stanzas, detail about war between cousins for control of kingdom
Ramayana: account of ruler named Rama
29.
maharaja: "great rajas" The chieftains began to transform in to kings know as this
30.
Mahavira and Jainism: Jainism: religion similar to Buddhism
Buddhism began to compete actively with Hindu beliefs, as well as with an other new faith known as Jainism
Jainism was founded by Mahavira
31.
Mauryan Empire: -was a geographically extensive and powerful empire in ancient India, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty from 321 to 185 BC.
32.
Middle Path/Eight fold Path: - Calls for right knowledge, right purpose, right speech, right conduct, right occupation, right effort, right awareness, and right meditation (Buddhism)
33.
Mohenjo-Daro: was one of the largest city-settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization of ancient India situated in the Larkana District of Sindh in modern-day Palistan. The city just vanished and no one know what happened.
34.
Nirvana: - Siddhartha Gautama's vision of metaphysical reality; closer to the Hindu concept of Brahman than it is to Christian concept of heavenly salvation
35.
Panini: - Sanskrit grammarian who gave a comprehensive and scientific theory of phonetics, phonology, and morphology
36.
raja: The leader of Aryan tribes, they where assisted by a council of elders, composed of other leaders of the tribe-claimed to be representatives of the gods
37.
Reincarnation: - Idea that individual soul is reborn in a different for form after death and processes through several existences on the wheel of life until it reaches its finial destination in a union with Great World Soul (Hinduism)
38.
Rigveda: is one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European Languages. Consisted of poems and Hymns
39.
Rule of the fishes: Glorified warfare as the natural activity of king and the Aristocracy
Behavior of ruling class Aryan
40.
Sanskrit and Prakrit: Sanskrit: language of the Veda, one of the Indo- European family of language
Prakrit: Sanskrit finally just went to this due it being my simpler
41.
sati: required the wife to throw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre- a symbol of women subjection
42.
Sermon at Deer Park at Sarnath/Benares: - Most famous passage in Buddhist literature ( sermon at Sarnath) which talks about Siddhartha Gautama delivered to his followers outside the holy city of Benares
43.
Siddhartha Gautama: Historical founder of Buddhism, native of a small principality in the foothills of Himalaya Mountains in what is today southern Nepal
Abandoned his home and traveled. One day, when he was meditating under a tree, he reached enlightenment. He preached from then on.
44.
Stupas and rock chambers: - House a relic of the Buddha; such as lock of his hair or a branch of famous Budhi tree
45.
sudras: The main bulk of the Indian population-where peasants or artisans
46.
The Deccan Plateau: downward-pointing
47.
the monsoon: Would come every year-destoryed
48.
untouchables/pana/w: The lowest of the caste system not even considered part of the system-they did all of the dirty jobs and where considered unclean.
49.
Upanishads: - A set of commentaries on Vedas compiled in sixth century B.C.E.
50.
vaisya: 3rd on the list- viewed as the merchant class
51.
varna/caste: Means "color" varna commonly mistaken ad the caste system-the levels of society
52.
Vedas: - A set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests (in Hinduism religion)
53.
Vishnu and Siva: Brahma is the creator, Vishnu the preserver and Shiva the destroyer
