Anatomy Test
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Created by:
kc23498 Plus on October 15, 2010
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 EPSP | Depolarizes a mem, more likely to fire an action potential |
| Joint stiffness can be attributed to this CT | hyaline cartilage |
| No type 1 collagen can result in | brittle bones |
| During a relative refractory period | Only some NA channels have returned to their resting position, K channels are still open so NA entry is offset by K loss |
| Brain area that contains pathways for sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) nerve signals and includes vital centers for the reg. of cardiovascular and respiratory functions | Medulla |
| Medulla | Lower half of the brianstem. Contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and bp |
| Cerebellum | Important in motor control. Involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language. Contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing. |
| Motor cortex | Region of cerebral cortex involved in planning, control, and execution of voluntary motor function |
| Hippocampus | Plays a role in long term memory and spatial navigation. |
| Oligodendrocytes | In CNS, increase speed of action potential conduction in nerve axons. act like schwann cells. Form myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the cns |
| Schwanna cells | Increased numbers in the damaged areas of the brain. Neurilemma of schwann promotes regrowth. They repair nerves that have been damaged |
| Astrocytes | Anchor neurons to capillaries, creates an impenetrable barrier. Tells more tight junctions to be formed |
| Microglia | Provide immune surveillance. Can attack cells in the CNS. Phagocytic. Can release chemicals to kill invading bacteria |
| Satellite Cells | Line outside of neurons in PNS. have a similar role to the astrocytes in the cns. Form a capsule around the cell body. Provide support and cushioning as well as insulation. |
| When acetylcholine binds to the niotinic receptors | Monovalent cation channels open (monovalent=sodium, potassium) |
| Hypothalamus | Integrating center for homeostasis |
| If an axon was stimulated at both ends of its axon | The action potentials would stop as they meet in the middle |
| Loss of pseudounipolar neurons in the body causes a | loss of somatic sensations such as touch, vibration, temp, and pain |
| Pseudounipolar neurons are located in the | dorsal root ganglion |
| Central pattern generators | Central network within the spinal cord that continuously generate periodic motor commands for highly patterned, rhythmic movements such as stepping, chewing, and scratching |
| Dense Irregular CT | Found in dermis of skin, joint capsules, and organ capsules |
| Dense Regular CT | Resists UNIDIRECTIONAL pulling. Found in tendons, ligaments, aponeuoses. |
| Loose Reticular CT | Found in organs used for blood cell formation like lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow |
| Adipose CT | Found in hypodermis, behind eyeballs, surrounding the heart/kidneys |
| Loose Areolar CT | Under the epithelium and around vascular system. Fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, leukocytes, and all three types of fibers are found here |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Resists pulling and compression. Type 2 collagen. Contains lcaunae which hold chondrocytes, avascular, not innervated, found in trachea, between long bones, and at articular surfaces |
| Elastic Cartilage | Resists pulling and compression. Found in ear, epiglottis, elastic arteries. Elastin fibers found here |
| Fibrous Cartilage | can withstand GREAT pulling and compression. Found in the knee, intervertebral disks, and mandibular joint. type 1 and 2 collagen here |
| Bone | Mineralized by calcium phosphate. Can withstand pulling, compression, pulling, and twisting forces. Has caniculli and peripheral arteries |
| Sodium inactivation gates must close before | voltage gated potassium channels open and potassium comes into the cell |
| Edema accumulates in this CT | Loos areolar |
| Dual Antagonistic Innervation | Sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nerves |
| Hypodermic injection of epinephrine | Would cause an increase in heart rate, and a relaxation in the muscles in the wall of the digestive and urinary organs. |
| Acetylcholine release will result in | a hyperpolarization of the membrane |
| Somatic Motor efferent pathways | are always excitatory |
| When a sensory receptor cell converts a physical stimulus into a membrane depolarization | It is called a receptor potential, and is a graded potential |
| The area of the brain that receives auditory inputs that lead to "waking up" the conscious brain is | the reticular formation in the brainstem |
| Dense, irregular CT | Resists multidirectional pulling foreces |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Resists both pulling and compressive forces |
| Reticular CT | Forms an internal framework that can support many free blood cells |
| Loose Areolar CT | Soft, packing material of body, soaks up excess fluid in inflamed body regions |
| Dense, regular CT | Resists unidirectional pulling foreces |
| Adipose CT | Nutrient storing and cushioning |
| Limbic System | This is where your anger and embarrassment at falling will arise (amygdyla) |
| Midbrain | Relay station for auditory and visual info. Controls many important functions such as the visual and auditory systems as well as movement |
| Pons | Contain nuclei that relay signals from the cerebrum to the cerebellum. as well as those nuclei that deal with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equlibrium |
| Sensory info from proprioceptors and equilibrium receptors in inner ear were sent here | Cerebellum |
| Pain you feel when you fall and hit sidewalk is perceived here | Cerebrum |
| Accelerated heart rate is controls by efferent motor neurons here | Medulla |
| Motor neurons that control eye movements and head movements | midbrain |
| epinephrine released here | adrenal medulla |
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