Chapter 16 and 15
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Pascal | The unit in which scientists measure pressure |
| Boyle's Law | If you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure of the gas will increase |
| Pressure-Temperature Relation | When temperature raises neer a container the fluid expands but since the cansiter is rigid pressure builds until explosion. |
| Charles's Law | The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change. |
| Buoyancy | The ability for a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it |
| Fluid | A liquid or gas |
| Pressure | Force exerted per unit area |
| Pressure equation | P=F/A |
| Pascal's Principle | Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid. |
| Bernoulli's Principle | As the velocity of the fluid increases,the pressure of the fluid decreases |
| Viscosity | The resistance to flow by a fluid |
| Kinetic Theory | An explanation of how particles behave |
| Thermal Energy | The total energy of a materials particles including kinetic |
| Kinetic Energy | Vibrations and motions within and between particles |
| Potential Energy | Resulting from forces that act within or between particles |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a solid begins to liquify |
| Heat of Fusion | The amount of energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which the pressure of the vapor is equal to the external pressure resulting in a change of state from liquid to gas |
| Heat of Vaporation | The amount of energy required for a liquid at its boiling point to become a gas |
| Diffusion | The spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformly distributed. |
| Plasma | Matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles |
| Solid | A state of matter that has a geometric arrangement and the particles are closely packed |
| Liquid | A state of matter taht has no fixed geometric shape but a fixed volume. Particles move freely |
| Gas | A state of matter at which the particles are far apart and overcome their attractive forces. No fixed shape or volume |
| Thermal Expansion | An increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased. An exception is water. |
| Contraction | The decrease in the size of a substance when temperature is decreased |
| Amorphous Solids | A solid that has no melting point and melts over a period of time |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a liquid freezes and turns solid |
| distillation | the process of separating substances by evaporating the liquid and condensing its vapor |
| substance | something with a fixed composition. (NOT AT TYPE OF MATTER!!) |
| element | A substance in which all the atoms are the same |
| compound | a substance in which all the atoms of 2 or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion. |
| suspension | a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid that has visible particles that settle |
| hardness | a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched |
| mohs scale | a scale of hardness of solids |
| conservation of mass | over time, mass cannot be created nor destroyed |
| chemistry | the structure of the chemicals that make up a substance |
| mixture | a compound with no specific proportions. It can also be separated. |
| homogeneous mixture | 2 substances blended evenly throughout a mixture. |
| heterogeneous mixtures | A mixture in which the substances can be easily identified |
| luster | property of metals and alloys that descibes having a shiny appearence or reflecting light. |
| sublimation | the process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid. |
| solubility | maximum amount of a solute that can be dissovled in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. |
| malleable | ]the ability of metals and alloys to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets |
| ductile | the ability of metals to be drawn into wires |
| physical property | Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substances that make up the material. |
| physical change | A change in shape, size, or state. |
| chemical property | A characteristic of a substance that indicates if it can undergo a certain chemical change. |
| Colloid | A type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out. |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of particles they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container. |
| Tyndall Effect | a beam of light is invisible as it passes through a solution, but can be seen readily as it passes through a colloid. |
| chemical change | A change from one substance to a new substance |
| separation | Distinguishing substances from each other using physical properties |
| pure substance | something with a fixed composition |
| number of elements | There are 103 different kinds of elements. 90 elements can be found on earth, and 20 can be produced in laboratories. |
| states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, and plasma |
| Seperation techniques | distillation, sifting, and magnetism. |
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