final pt 2 (cns)
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 posterior | mamillary boeis: important for short-term memory. Korsakovs' syndrome (loss of mem) and posterior nuclei: thermoregulator especially as the body cools down (shivering) area is known for diverse sympathetic actions. |
| rathke's pouch | anterior pituitary and intermediate pituitary develop from? post develops from diencephalon |
| portal system | blood to pituitary comes form internal carotid arteries. break into fenestrated sinusoids. pick up releasing factors from tuberoinfundibular tract fibers. a series of small veins drain the hormone-laden blood to the capillary beds of ant pituitary. called the hyposhyseal ____veins |
| subthalamus | parvocellular region of red nucleus. superior portion of substantia nigra, subthalamic nuclei (corpus luysi). |
| subthalamic | what nuclei? (corpus luysi) sends and receives fibers to and from the globus pallidus of telencephalon. extrapyramidal system. lesion may lead to dramatic forceful flinging movements of the shoulders and hips. called ballism or hemiballism. resembles the throwing of a ball. |
| telencephalon | lt: linear reasoning, grammar, volcab. rt:spatial manipulation, language interpreting, facial expression. pallium (outer gray cortex) centrum semiovale (white fibers) basal ganglia (deep white matter collections of neuron cell bodies) four lobes. (isle of reil or insula). initiation center for voluntary actions. memory and associative memory (long term). abstract thinking. emotional response. brodmann 9 and 12 |
| pallium | (or cerebral cortex) contains brodmann and lamina. neocortex. six cerebral cortex laminae. |
| basal ganglia | Caudate nucleus, putamen nucleus, globus pallidus or paleostriatum, amygdaloid complex or archistriatum, putamen and glubs pallidus together called lenticular nucleus. striatal lesions lead to dyskinesia (muscle tone disturbances): tremor, parkisonism in digits and lips while at rest, if during action its lesion in cerebellum. huntington's chorea: graceful involuntary movements of extermities, facial muscles, tongue. deficiency of gaba |
| caudate nucleus | head is continuous with putamen nucleus. afferent synapse in ____ from all lobes of cortex, thalamus, substantia and putamen. efferent output extend to putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra adn thalamus |
| putamen | most lateral of striatal nuclei. afferents: same as caudates plus causdate sends fibers to it. abundance of stored dopamin. this nuclie and caudate not function correctly when substantia did not deliver enough dopamine (in parkisons disease) efferent same as caudate |
| globus pallidus | (paleostriatum) lenticular nucleus along with putamen. afferents include axons from: caudate, putamen, subthalamic. efferents (pallidalfugal fibers) |
| white matter | (of telencephalon) centrum semiovale. (collective ___) projection axons utilized the corona radiata and internal capsule. commissural axons. corpus callosum, only found in placental mammals: parts: splenium, body, genu, rostrum, forceps anticus, forceps posticus and tapetum. lesions: allien had syndrome. association axon bundles (most abundant part of the____) |
| rhinecephalon | olfactory fibers through crivriform plate of ethmoid bone. lies on each side of crista galli. primary olfactory neurons synaps in olfactory bulbs. lay in superior depressions on each side of crista galli. striae, amygdaloid nuclear complex. |
| striae | medial: many fibers into anterior commissure. intermediate: into anterior perforated substance. lateral: enter medial aspec of temp lobe. subjective appreciation of olfactory stimulation. temrinat in uncus and part of amygdaloid nucler complex. brodman # 34 and #28 along parahippocampal gyrus. |
| amygdaloid nucler complex | anciat part of basal ganlia. input via olfactory lateral striae, hypothalamus and neocortex. outputs are many and varied (hypothalamus and thalamus) olfactory function. lesoin leads to no change in olfactory detectability. involved in limbic system. removal resutls in reduction of aggressive bahavior and changes in feeding and sexual behavior. fear and anger are not recognized anymore |
| hippocampal formations | (ammon's horn) no a great olfactory tract. short term recent memory. lesions lead to loss of recent memory, inability to learn new skils and abnormal fears. fornix: main efferent fiber pathway. |
| limbic lobe | circles upper brain stem. arched shaped area of medial surface of cerebral heimspheres. (where diencaphalon enda and telencphalon begins.) includes:hippocampal formation, cingulate gyrus, olfactory striae, fornix. |
| limbic system | prefrontal area of neocotex, hpyothalamus, anterior thalamus, epthalamus, midbrain nuclei, basal ganglia. function:olfactory influence limited though, involved in visceral, somatic and behavioral roles, central role in governing beharior and emotion, subjective feelings such as fear, rage, pleasure and consistent physical outputs. deals with behavioral and emotional outputs |
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