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Anthropology the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors Holistic studies past, present and future, biology, society, language and culture Culture traditions and customs transmitted through learning, that form and guide the beliefs and behavior of people exposed to them Food production cultivation of plants and domestication of animals General anthropology Sociocultural (aka cultural), Archeological, Biological, Linguistic Biocultural anthro includes both biological and cultural perspectives Cultural anthropology study of human society and culture Ethnography based on field work Ethnology based on cross cultural comparison Archaeological anthropology reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural practices through material remains Linguistic anthropology studies language in its social and cultural context, across space and time Science a "systematic field of study or body of knowledge that aims, through experiment, observation, and deduction, to produce reliable explanations of phenomena, with reference to the material and the physical world." Applied anthropology application of anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess and solve contemporary social problems. Theory is a set of idea formulated to explain something Association- an observed relationship between two or more variables Hypotheses suggested but as yet unverified explanations Cultural Resource Management- they decide what needs saving, and to preserve significant information about the past when sites cannot be saved; Not only preserves sites, but destroys them when they are deemed insignificant Sociolinguistics investigates relationships between social and linguistic variation Acculturation exchange of features that results when groups have continuous firsthand contact. Parts of the cultures change, but each group remains distinct Core values key, basic or central values that integrate each culture and distinguish it from others Cultural relativism the idea that it is inappropriate to use outside standards to judge behavior in a given society; such behavior should be evaluated in the context of the culture it occurs in Cultural rights vested in groups, include a groups ability to raise children in original ways, continue language, have an economic base Diffusion borrowing of traits between cultures. May be direct, or interect, or forced Enculturation process by which a child learns his or her culture Ethnocentrism the tendency to view one's own culture as superior, and to use one's own standards and values in judging outsiders Generality features common to several but not all cultures Globalization encompasses a series of processes in icluding acculturation and diffusion, working to promote change in the world in which nations and people are increasingly interlinked and mutually dependent Hominid chimps and gorillas Hominins group that leads to humans but not to chimps and gorillas and that encompasses all the human species that have ever existed Human rights inalienable rights, UN's documents describe almost all the human rights that have been internationally recognized Independent invention the process by which humans innovate, creatively finding solutions to problems International culture cultural traditions that extend beyond and across national boundaries IPR [intellectual property rights] conserves each society's cultural base, its core beliefs and principles. People can control who may know and use their collective knowledge and applications. National culture beliefs learned behavior patterns, values and institutions that are shared by citizens of the same nation Particularity features that are unique to certain cultural traditions Subcultures different symbol based patters and traditions associated with particular groups in the same complex society Symbol signs that have no necessary or natural connection to the things they signify or stand for Universal features that are found in all cultures (biological, psychological, social and cultural)