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What structures leave an impression on the liver? stomach duodenum esophagus kidney colon What are the liver's inflows and outflows? Inflow: hepatic artery, portal vein Outflow: IVC, hepatic duct What are some of the functions of the liver? produces body's plasma proteins stores/converts vitamins and iron degrades drugs/toxins bile production metabolic processes hormone modification Liver vein flow: __->__->__ portal vein->central vein->hepatic vein Where does filtration occur in the liver? hepatic lobule Within the liver, the portal triad is wrapped by: space of Mall Cirrhosis of the liver occurs when what cells are destroyed? What replaces them? liver parenchymal cells; fibrous CT On a slide, what can be found in the center of a hexagonal structure? central vein What space is located between endothelium and hepatocytes? space of Disse What supporting cell can be found in the sinusoid, and what is its function? Kupffer cells (stellate macrophages) - specialized macrophages that help destroys RBCs Where are Ito cells located, and what is their function? between hepatocytes; store vitamin A What tunnel runs between hepatocytes? bile canaliculus What connects the bile canaliculi to the portal bile duct? periportal bile ductule, or canal of Hering, or cholangiole Hepatocytes contain ____ which detoxify contents traveling into the canaliculi. peroxisomes What types of fibers can be found in the space of Disse? I, III, IV Ducts going directly into the gallbladder from the liver are called: Ducts of Luschka How much bile is made each day? 1L What is the clinical significance of bilirubin accumulation? it causes jaundice: increase of unconjugated bili in plasma indicates excessive production of bili increase of conjugated bili in plasma indicates defect in excretion of bili What type of cell makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder? simple columnar epithelium with microvilli The intercellular space near the base of gallbladder epithelium is special because: its size is related to the concentration of bile within the gallbladder How is bile concentrated? Na, Cl, and HCO3 ions enter the intercellular space, bringing water with it (increase osmolarity); fenestrated capillaries carry the water away The exocrine pancreas resembles what gland? parotid (serous acini) Within the pancreas, most cells are purplish in color, with some small areas of white. What are these two types of cells? exocrine - purple endocrine - white (islets of langerhans) Islets of Langerhans are primarily found in what part of the pancreas? tail Insulin is released from __ cells; glucagon is released from __ cells. B; A In the Islet, where are A cells and B cells found? A--at the periphery B--core of the islet What do D cells and F cells produce? D--gastrin, somatostatin F--pancreatic polypeptide How do parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation affect Islet activity? para: upregulates both A and B cells sym: upregulates A, downregulates B How do type I and type II diabetes differ? I: lack of insulin due to B cell destruction II: insufficient insulin secretion relative to glucose levels