sci ch. 3
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 solution | a well mixed mixture that contain s a solvent and at least one solute |
| solvent | part of the solution present in the largest amount ex. water |
| solute | part of the solution present in smaller amounts and is dissolved by the solvent ex. salt |
| water is the universal solvent because... | it dissolves so many substances; can dissolve so many because its polar and can dissolve other polar compounds and ionic compounds |
| suspensions | a mixture in which particles can be seen and separated by settling or filtration |
| dilute concentration (solution) | a little solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent |
| concentrated solution | a lot of solute compared to the amount of solvent |
| how can you change concentrations? | by adding or removing more solute/solvent to/from solution |
| solubility | a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature |
| saturated solution | no more solute can be dissolved and settles at the bottom |
| unsaturated solution | can add more solute to the solvent |
| supersaturated solution | when heated solvent can dissolve more solute-when the solution cools sometimes the extra solute will remain dissolved |
| what are the factors that affect the solubility of a substance | pressure, type of solvent, and temperature |
| pressure | the higher the pressure of the gas over the solvent, the more gas can dissolve |
| type of solvent | ionic and polar compounds usually dissolve in polar solvents. non-polar compounds do not dissolve in polar solutions |
| temperature | for most solids, solubility increases as temperature increases. unlike solids, gases become less soluble when the temperature goes up |
| acids | an acid is any substance that produces hydrogen ions in water |
| properties of acids | tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red |
| what makes an acid stronger? | having more hydrogen ions |
| corrosive | acids "eat" away at other materials |
| bases | substance that produces hydroxide ions |
| hydroxide ions | a negative ion made of oxygen and hydrogen |
| what makes a base stronger | having more hydroxide ions |
| properties of bases | tastes biter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue |
| indicators | a compound that changes color when in contact w/ an acid or base |
| pH scale | a range of values from 0-14 |
| explain the pH scale | a low pH (very acidic) tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is high a high pH (very basic) tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is low |
| neutralization | a reaction between an acid and base |
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