Hinduism
About this set
Created by:
susiewoods on October 18, 2010
Subjects:
world religions - social studies
Description:
Vocabulary from the readings about Hinduism/early Indus Valley culture
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41 terms
Malay | English |
|---|---|
| darshan |  vision, being in the presence of divinity |
| Mahabharata | an Indian epic in which two branches of a royal family vie for the rulership of India |
| Ramayana | an Indian epic in which Lord Rama must conquer the demon Ravana to restore peace to the world |
| Ramnagar Ram Lila | annual performance held in Benaras with a script written by Tulsi Das |
| dharma | law, virtue, duty, correct behavior, religion |
| praxis | correct behavior |
| 4 language families of Hinduism | Indo-European, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman, and Austro-Asiatic |
| 2 largest excavated Indus Valley cities | Mohenjo Daro and Harappa |
| Indus Valley civilization characterized by ... | organized grid patterns, occupation-based residences, water technologies (e.g. drainage systems, wells), grain-based economy, written script |
| religion in Indus Valley characterized by ... | terra cotta figurines of bodacious female symbolizing human and agricultural fertility, natural and mythological animal depictions symbolizing reverence for trees and animals, water tanks revealing concern for ritual purity |
| yoga | discipline |
| Indo-Europeans characterized by ... | nomadic, pasoral nature, Sanskrit, belief in pantheon of deities, fire sacrifice, hierarchical social structure |
| Veda | knowledge; the early scriptures |
| samhita | collection, the Vedic collections of hymns, songs, chants, and spells |
| years of Indus Valley Civilization | began in 2500 B.C.E., reached peak from 2300-2000 B.C.E., began decline by 1900 B.C.E., and faded away by 1500 B.C.E. |
| years of Indo-European groups | great migration began from 2000-1500 B.C.E., texts composed between 1500 and 600 B.C.E. (Upanishads composed from 600-300 B.C.E.) |
| Rig Veda Samhita | contains ten books of hymns to various deities, recited by priests during fire rituals |
| Sama Veda Samhita | is a book of songs based on the Rig Veda with instructions for their recitation |
| Yajur Veda | contains short prose formulae and verses used in ritual |
| Atharva Veda | is a collection of hymns and magical formulae related to matters of daily life |
| mantra | sacred word or formula |
| Brahmana | text explaining the performance and meaning of the Vedic rituals |
| Aranyaka | forest book, or "compositions of the forest", texts explaining the Vedic rituals ... elaborate on importance of knowing the meaning of rituals |
| Upanishads | texts, last addition to the Vedas ... explain true nature and meaning of the rituals in an age when focus was shifting away from performance and toward knowledge |
| shruti | "that which is heard"/was heard by the ancient sages; revelation |
| rishi | seer- a person who prophesies future events |
| pantheon | gods hymned in the Vedas are associated with natural and cultural forces |
| deva | deity |
| 3 levels of the cosmos | the celestial realm, the atmospheric realm, and the earthly realm |
| rita | cosmic order, the opposite of chaos |
| Varuna | in the celestial realm, the lord of order/petitioned to maintain righteousness and prevent the cosmos from dissolving in chaos |
| Mitra | in the celestial realm, the god of night, who is also lord of social contracts ... usually accompanies Varuna. Together they respresent social and cosmic order |
| Indra | in the atmospheric realm, the warrior deity associated with the thunderstorm (and leader of the gods in earlier Vedic hymns) |
| Agni | in the earthly realm, the fire god (medium of sacrifice) ... carries offerings up to heaven in his smoke, and carries dead up to realm of Yama |
| Soma | in the earthly realm, the god of the drink consumed during the fire sacrifice (necessary participant of sacrifice) |
| Brihaspati | in the earthly realm, the patron of the priests (arbiter- a person having complete control -of sacrifice) |
| Yama | the lord of death |
| shrauta | type of fire sacrifice "based on the shruti" which were the public rites |
| grihya | type of "domestic" fire sacrifice which were rites for the household ... required only one fire and could be performed by the householders themselves, in order to receive earthly rewards such as health, long life, the birth of sons, and wealth (in the form of cattle) |
| Prajapati | the creator god |
| Surya | the sun god |
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