Biochem
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cohesion | Attraction between two molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | Attraction between two molecules from different substances. |
| Lipids | Fats including oils, waxes, steroids and cholesterol. Made from a glycerol and three fatty acids. Does not form polymers. Non-polar. Hydrophobic |
| Monosacchrides | single, simple sugar molecule. Glucose |
| Polysaccharides | Energy storage. Large macromolecules made of several monosacchrides. Starch. |
| Saturated | When there is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms in a lipid. Found mostly in animals. |
| Unsaturated | When there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a lipid. Found mostly in plants |
| Nucleic Acid | Polymer made from monomers called Nucleotides. Store and transmit genetic information. |
| Nucleotides | Consists of three parts: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Joined by covalent bonds to form Nucleic acids. |
| RNA sugar | Ribose |
| DNA sugar | Deoxyribose |
| Triglycerides | Three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol. |
| Most common lipids | Triglycerides, Phospholipids, cholesterol |
| Fatty Acids | A carboxyl group and glycerol |
| Phospholipids | A lipid, one glycerol bonded two two fatty acids and a phosphate group. Common form looks like a circle with two tails. |
| Cholesterol | A lipid, forms rings instead of hydrocarbon chains |
| Protein | A chain of amino acids, involved in almost everything, most structurally and functionally diverse group |
| Four bases for DNA | Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine |
| Four bases for RNA | Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, Cytosine |
| Enzymes | Protiens that act as biological catalysts |
| Special Properties of Water | Cohesion and adhesion, Good solvent, ice floats in water, Specific heat (resists heat) |
| Cellulose | Most abundant organic compound on earth. Herbivores have a chemical to digest it. |
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