Chapter Nine: Cellular Respiration
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Created by:
itsreelygreat5 on October 19, 2010
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 fermentation | ATP producing, can be anaerobic; electron donors and acceptors are organic molecuels; partial degradation of sugars |
| cellular respiration | ATP producing, ultimate electron acceptor is inorganic |
| phosphorylation | The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule |
| oxidation | loss of electrons |
| reduction | gain of electrons |
| NAD+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, functions as oxidizing agent during respiration |
| dehydrogenases | remove pair of hydrogen atoms from substrate, oxidizing it |
| electron transport chain | consists of number of molecules built into inner membrane of mitochondrion |
| glycolysis | occurs in the cytosol, begins the degradation process by breaking glucose into two molecules of compound pyrubate |
| citric acid cycle | within mitochondrial matrix, completes breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide |
| oxidative phosphorylation | production of ATP using energy derived from redox reactions of electron transport chain; occurs in mitochondrial christae |
| substrate-level phosphorylation | ATP formed directly in reaction |
| net products of glycolysis | 2 pyruvate, 2 H20, 2 ATP, 2 NADH + 2H+ |
| gross | how many total are formed |
| net | how many you gain (not including those used to get started |
| acetyl CoA | 2 formed from 2 pyruvate from one glucose in glycolysis |
| net summary of 2 turns Krebs cycle | 2 ATP, 6 NADH & 2 FADH2 (carry high energy electrons to the electron transport chain) |
| inner membrane space | space between two membranes of mitochondria |
| electron transport chain function | does not make ATP, builds up H+; final electron acceptor is oxygen, which gets converted into water |
| chemiosmosis | ATP synthase uses proton gradient to power synthesis of ATP; phosphorylates ADP into ATP |
| parts of ATP synthase | rotor in inner mitochondrial membrane; knob that protrudes into mitochondrial matrix; internal rod extending from rotor into knob; stator, anchored next to rotor, that holds knob stationary |
| catabolism | breakdown |
| alcoholic fermentation | performed by yeast (fungus) and many bacteria |
| lactic acid fermentation | performed by fungi and bacteria (yogurt and cheese); also done by muscle cells when oxygen is low |
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