| Term | Definition |
|---|
| eubacteria | one domain of bacteria that live in a wide range of environments |
| archaebacteria | one domain of bacteria that live in extreme environments (extremophiles) |
| methanogens | organisms that obtain energy by using CO2 and release methane as a waste (don't need oxygen, so they do fermentation) |
| halophiles | organisms that live in very salty enironments (Great Salt Lake and Dead Sea) |
| bacteriorhodopsin | a photosynthetic pigment that form by colonies of halophiles and it forms a purple-red scum |
| thermophiles | organisms that live in extremely hot environments |
| Sulfolobus | sulfer-metabolizing thermophile (organism that uses sulfer as a source of energy) |
| cocci (coccus) | sphere shaped prokaryotes |
| bacilli (bacillus) | rod shaped prokaryotes |
| spirillus | spiral shaped prokaryotes |
| diplo- | paired prokaryoted |
| strepto- | linked like chains prokaryotes |
| staphylo- | clustered prokaryotes |
| peptidoglycan | a polymer of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides |
| Gram stain | a stain that identifies specific bacteria based on deifferences in their cell walls |
| Gram-positive | bacteria that have simpler cell walls, with large amounts of peptidoglycans, and stain purple when tested by the Gram stain |
| Gram-negative | bacteria that have complex cell walls, with less amounts of peptidoglycans, and stain pinkish-red when tested by the Gram stain |
| capsules | a sticky protective layer some bacteria have outside their cell walls that make it harder for antibiotics to kill the bacteria |
| pili | surface appendages (or projections of the bacteria) that can help the bacteria fasten to its host |
| flagella | a method of movement that most bacteria have that allows them to move in whatever direction needed |
| bianary fission | the asexual reproducton of prokaryotes |
| agar | the nutrient base poured in a petri dish when trying to colonize bacteria |
| conjugation | the proccess of two bacteria coming together to mix their DNA |
| saprophyte | bacteria if it is feeding on a dead organism |
| parasite | bacteria if it is feeding on a living organism |
| autotroph | organisms that make their own food |
| cyanobacteria | the first photosynthetic autotrophs |
| photosynthetic autotrophs | bacteria that make their own food by way of photosynthesis |
| heterotrophs | bacteria that consume other organisms (ingest- digest) |
| chemosynthetic autotrophs | bacteria that make their own food bt obtain energy by breaking down inorganic substances |
| photoheterotrophs | bacteria who use light to generate ATP by ways of photosynthesis but obtain their carbon in organic form |
| endospores | a structure that some bacteria form to help them survive when an extreme change occurrs and they don't have time to adapt |
| obligate aerobes | prokaryotes that have to have oxygen to survive |
| obligate anaerobes | prokaryotes that have to have no oxygen to survive (if there is oxygen, they will die) |
| facutative anaerobes | prokaryotes that do fermentation in place of cellular respiration |
| nitrogen fixation | the proccess of changing nitrogen into inorganic molecules that plants can use |
| decomposers | organisms that break down dead substances |
| nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria | organisms that only require light energy, CO2, N2, water, and some minerals to grow |
| symbiosis | an ecological relationship with direct contact between two or more organisms |
| symbionts | the oganisms in an ecological relationship with direct contact |
| host | the larger symbiont |
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