1.
"Out of Africa Theory": people have common origin, "single origin", we all have common ancestors, people migrated from Africa
2.
"Racial Nationalist Theory": chinese people are direct descendants of Peking man
3.
Analects: record of Confucian thinking
4.
Ban Biao: official who with his son, wrote history of former Han dynasty (before wang mang)
5.
Bodhisattva: enlightened ones who stayed in world to teach others
6.
Bronze Age: during Xia and Shang dynasty- allowed spears, chariots etc facilitating wars
7.
Cao Cao: ruler of state of Wei in North China, waged many wars, succeeded by son Cao Pei
8.
Chang'an: Capital of Tang Dynasty
9.
Chu State: Big state in Zhou that formed counties
10.
Confucius: chinese thinker, social philosopher, founder of Confucianism
11.
Di: High god of rain, thunder, and wind
12.
Dolemens: Burial structures
13.
Duhuang Documents: found in a cave, all about the Tang daily life
14.
Eastern Zhou: 2 periods - spring+autumn period and warring states period
15.
Eightfold Path: Buddhist belief of how to live your life
16.
Emperor Wu: most influential emperor, adopted Confucianism, expanded china
17.
Empress Wu: First and only female ruler
18.
Equal Field System: Based on population, every family given certain amount of land based on taxes
19.
Eunuch: castrated men, served in palace
20.
Fu Xi: ancient founder of chinese civilization, believed to invent hunting, fishing, calendar
21.
Gao Huan: took power after revolt of garrisons, took power in luoyang
22.
GaoZhu & Tiaizang: Founded Tang Dynasty
23.
Huang Di (The Yellow Emperor): legendary Chinese cultural hero, invented civilization, gave surnames, developed patrilineal society
24.
Hundred Schools of Thought: era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China
25.
King Ashoka: Greatly aided the spread of Buddhism
26.
King Wen, King Wu, Duke: overthrew Shang Dynasty
wen layed groundwork, wu and duke took over
27.
Kumarajiva: Translated Buddhist sutras to Chinese
28.
Lacquer: made from tree sap, makes crafts
29.
Lady Hao: Wu Ding's Wife, her tomb was found undisturbed
30.
Lao Zi + Zhuang Zi: Daoism
31.
Li: Confucian virtues/ rituals
32.
Liu Bang: first emperor of Han Dynasty
33.
Liu Bei: Ruler of Shu kingdom in western china during period of disunion. distant member of Han imperial clan
34.
Liu Yuan: Xiongnu chieftain, declared himself king of Han, incorporated Chinese+non-chinese in his armies
35.
Luoyang: Capital during Northern Chinese takeover of China
36.
Mahayana: Buddhist group that believed in the power of belief
37.
Mandate of Heaven: gods/ancestors give ruler power as long as he rules for the people
38.
Maodun: Trained body guards to kill on command, general of Xiongnu
39.
Mencius: follower of confucius, advisor to many warlords
40.
Meng Tian: Created first version of Great Wall
41.
Millet: foundation crop in Northern China
42.
Mozi: historian, challenges the view of confucius
43.
Neolithic: new stone age
44.
Nine Rank System: wei kingdom, high ranking families got better jobs
45.
Nirvana: Buddhist enlightenment
46.
Oracle Bones: written records on bones+shells
47.
Paleolithic: pre-historic era distinguished by development of first stone tools
48.
Patrimonial Feudalism: establishes rule running through ancestry and family line
49.
Peking Man: group of fossil specimens discovered near Beijing, chinese ancestors, origin of chinese
50.
Qin Dynasty: introduction of universal currency+system of measurement, conquered Zhou Dynasty, failed because Legalist policies were too harsh
51.
Qin Shi Huang: first emperor of qin, standardized currency, language, measurement, buried with terracotta soldiers, rare birds and animals, chariots, horses etc
52.
Rammed Earth: packed earth used to make walls
53.
Records of the Grand Historian: book, recounts Chinese history from time of Yellow Emperor - time of Sima Qian
54.
Revolt of the Garrisons: xianbei military revolts, wei court slaughtered, puppet emperor installed
55.
Rong and Di: Nomads of the north, skilled with horses
56.
Samsara: Buddhist continuous flow of birth and death
57.
scapulimancy: insert hot iron rod into oracle bone, promote cracking, read cracks, acquire answers to military, wedding, etc.
58.
Shang Dynasty: Developed bronze and writing
59.
Shen Nong: ruler of China, cultural hero, taught Chinese farming
60.
Shi: Educated elite scholars
61.
Silk Road: trade route with west, first time west+east interact
62.
Sima Qian: historian, labeled schools of thought
63.
Sima Yan: Sima Zhao's son, forced Wei emperor to abdicate, started Jin Dynasty, eventually reunited China for a short time
64.
Sima Zhao: Wei General defeated Shu state
65.
Spring and Autumn Period: 100 schools of thought develop
66.
Sui Dynasty: Developed written exams, reclaimed Northern Vietnam, 30 years, united core of china
67.
Tao: key term in Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese philosophy, meaning literally "The Way" or "road"
68.
Theravada: Buddhist group that believed in meditation and life as a monk
69.
Three Kingdoms Period: period of disunion, 4 centuries long, after Han dynasty, conflicts with Northern and Southern China, Wu , Wei, Shu
70.
Three Kings of Western Zhou: Wen, expanded Zhou State
Wu, Conquered Shang Dynasty
Duke of Zhou, kept and consolidated dynasty
71.
Wang Mang: relative of Empress Wang - described policies in classics, conquered govt for 14 years, emperor of "Xin Dynasty", confucian scholar, outlawed slavery, moved the capital
72.
Warring States: Different schools fight for dominance
73.
Wei Kingdom: largest of three kingdoms during period of disunion, ruled by Cao Cao, made soldier status hereditary, recruited xiongnu for cavalry
74.
Western Zhou: Defeated Shang dynasty, happened before Eastern Zhou
75.
Wu Ding: Shang Dynasty ruler
76.
Xia Dynasty: no records, some scholars believe it was the first dynasty
77.
Xiaowen: Wei ruler, tried to eliminate distinctions between non chinese and chinese
78.
Xiongnu: Northern tribe
79.
Xuan Zong: Activist for the people, redid the equal field system
80.
Xunzi: rival to Confucius legacy, people are born selfish
81.
Yang Jian: Founder of Sui Dynasty, considered the "cultured emperor"
82.
Yao: ancient Chinese ruler, recognized son as worthless, recognized merit is important to run government
83.
yuwen tai: also from garrisons, took power in chang'an
