Self-Knowledge & Self-Esteem Def.
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Self-Concept | The contents of the self - that is, our knowledge of who we are |
| Self-Awareness | The act of thinking about ourselves |
| Self-Schemas | Mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge about themselves and that influence what they notice, think about, and remember about themselves |
| Self Reference-Effect | The tendency for people to remember information better if they relate to it themselves |
| Self Regulatory Resource Model | According to this model self-control is a limited resource, spending it on one task limits the amount they can spend on another following task |
| Independent View of the Self | Defining oneself in terms of ones own internal thoughts, feelings and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings and actions of other people |
| Interdependent View of the Self | Defining oneself in terms of relationships to other people - recognizing that ones behaviour is often determined by the thoughts, feelings and actions of others |
| Relational Interdependence | Focusing more on the close relationships (usually women) |
| Collective Interdependence | Focusing more on social groups ex. sports teams they belong to (usually men) |
| Introspection | The process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts and feelings and motives |
| Self-Awareness Theory | The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behaviour with their internal standards and values |
| Casual Theories | Theories about the causes of ones own feelings and behaviours - typically we learn such theories from our culture (ex. "absence makes the heart grow fonder") |
| Self-Perception Theory | Theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our past behaviour and the situation in which it occurs |
| Intrinsic Motivation | The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures |
| Extrinsic Motivation | The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting |
| Over-Justification Effect | The case whereby people view their behaviour as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which their behaviour was caused by intrinsic reasons |
| Task-Contingent Rewards | Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how well the task is done |
| Performance-Contingent Rewards | Rewards that are based on how well a task was performed |
| Looking-Glass Self | The idea that we see ourselves through the eyes of other people and incorporate their views into our self-conception |
| Social Comparison Theory | The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves with other people |
| Downward Social Comparison | The process whereby we compare ourselves with people who are worse than we are on a particular trait or ability |
| Upward Social Comparison | The process whereby we compare ourselves with people who are better than we are on a particular trait or ability |
| Self-Discrepancy Theory | The theory that we become distressed when our sense of who we truly are - our actual self- is discrepant from our personal standards or desired self-conceptions |
| Self-Enhancement | An unrealistically positive view of oneself |
| Self-Verification Theory | A theory suggesting that people have the need to seek confirmation of their self-concept, whether the self-concept is positive or negative, in some circumstances this tendency can conflict with the desire to uphold a favourable view of oneself |
| Ideal Self | Who we aspire to be - is promotion oriented - we want to achieve goals and positive outcomes |
| Ought Self | Our ought-to-be-self, who we think we should be - prevention oriented - avoid negative outcomes |
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