Chapter 13: the rise of a mass democracy
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 corrupt bargain of 1824 | although he won the adequate enough of popular votes, Jackson did not win the right amount of electoral votes. as a result of this Clay, the candidate that received the least amount of votes was forced to choose between the other three candidates, and he choose Adams because he despised both Jackson and Crawford. weeks before winning the election, Clay and Adams met, and many of Jackson's supporters accused this meeting to be a conspiracy to rig the election, especially since Clay was appointed the secretary of state weeks afterwards. |
| John Quincy Adams | this was the successor of President Monroe, and the son of Federalist president John Adams. he was a Puritan candidate from Massachusetts; he was the victor as well. although often accused of being inconsiderate to the poor, he was a person who often gave up his beliefs to support those of others. he was seen as the worst president, although he is often regarded the best secretary of state. |
| Henry Clay | appointed the secretary of state of the Adams administration, Clay was the candidate of the 1824 election that was from Kentucky, and received the least amount of votes. |
| William Crawford | the candidate in the 1824 election, who was from Georgia and was often described as a very tall, but very able man. Crawford did not come into favor with the voters, and Clay specifically, because he suffered a recent stroke that paralyzed him, and would make him an unable president. |
| Andrew Jackson | the military victor and hero of New Orleans, the candidate of the 1824 election who was favored the most by the popular vote, but not electoral vote, and thus was not a victor of the 182 election. his supporters complained for his unfair loss for the four years that Adams was in office, and he was elected president after Adams and served for two terms in office. |
| Samuel Swartwout | due to the new spoils system, which appointed government positions to those that supported the parties, he was appointed the office of collector of the customs for the port of New York. nine years after receiving this position, he jetted out of the nation to Britain, with one million dollars; he was the first person to ever steal a million dollars from the federal government. |
| Tariff of 1828 (of Abominations) | this tariff was often referred to by the Southern states, South Carolina specifically as the "Black Tariff," or "Yankee Tariff." the Southerners believed that this was a way in which the nation could find a blame for any economic crises because all other regions of the nation were successful at this point. the Northeast was experiencing a period of strong manufacturing success, the West had a multiplying population as well as increasing property prices, and the SouthWest had new virgin cotton land to explore. the south however had no goods whatsoever, and depended on consumption more than production, they also feared government interaction on matters regarding slavery. |
| Denmark Vessey/ Stono Rebellion | this was a slave revolt in 1822, in Charleston, South Carolina symbolized the controversy amongst the North and the South regarding issues on slavery; the Southerners believed their West Indies slave-owning companions were also suffering from the abolitionist rules, but the abolitionist laws of Britain versus the states. |
| John C. Calhoun | though he eventually became vice president, and had to conceal his writing side, he was one of the greatest American political theorists. he wrote something known as the "The South Carolina Exposition," which was adopted in 1828 by the South Carolina legislature, and this stated that the individual states should object the tariffs, which followed in the path of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 1798. |
| Tariff of 1832 | although this lowered the protective tax tariff (of 1828), this did not lower it to the point that was pleasing to the South Carolinians. the people of South Carolina held a convention, and decided that they were not going to follow the tariff, but those that wanted union, and those that wished for nullification clashed. in the end, president Jackson invaded the nation militarily, and built a small army; he threatened to hang those that further objected his tariff. Henry Clay had to step in to further resolve the conflict. |
| Tariff of 1833 | although he supported the tariff, but not Jackson at all, Henry Clay felt that he had to step in to resolve the ongoing conflict amongst the states. he formed this compromise tariff, in which the Tariff of 1832 would gradually be reduced over a period of eight years, and by 1842, the protectionist tariff would be the same as it was in 1816. the southern states and Calhoun loved this compromise, where the New England and middle states despised it. |
| The Force Bill | in order to protect themselves, Congress formed this bill, in which they were allowed to use the army or navy to collect tariffs. the South Carolina convention was called back to order due to a group of South Carolina unionists (people who agreed with the federal government), and as a result of this convention, they repealed the ordinance of nullification, but they also nullified the Force Bill. |
| Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians | many of the Americans respected the natives, and their attempted efforts to integrate into American society. many christian missionaries attempted to Christianized the natives beginning in 1787, and by 1793 the Congress attributed $20,000 to literacy, agricultural, and vocational institutions for the natives. |
| Five Civilized Tribes | these native tribes were Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes who attempted to integrate themselves into the American society, and gave up their practices and beliefs to do so. |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | although Congress respected the rights of the Indians, and tried to protect them from the rage of the Southern citizens in 1828, Jackson overruled this action, and as a result of that, this act was passed. all natives east of the Mississippi, were forced to move elsewhere. The Five Civilized tribes were impacted the worst, ironically. |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs | this was the government's assertion into the situation regarding the natives. although this system only lasted for fifteen years, the government tried to assure fair treatment toward the natives through this agreement. |
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