Violette's second semester vocab and fallacies
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Created by:
Mina_K on June 15, 2008
Subjects:
violette, mrsviolette, mrsviolettesewords, mrsviolettesmnowords, fallacies, fallacy, violetts, mrsviolettestuvwords, semester 2, semester two vocab, semester final
Description:
Vocabulary and fallacies that are gonna be on Violette's second semester final.
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118 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ad hominem | A claim or argument that is rejected based off of irrelevant facts about the author. to question the intelligence or ethics of a person rather than address the issue. |
| ad populum | a claim accepted simply because the majority is favorably inclined |
| ad vericundium | a great name of authority or prestige is expected to have great weight with the public |
| nonsequitur | the conclusion doesn't follow the premises |
| false analogy | making an analogy between different situations and trying to base an argument off of that. |
| post hoc | blaming a person/object for an event that has no connection with the person/item. |
| hasty / sweeping / over generalization | assuming that if one case is true than all cases are true |
| stereotyping | Using stereotypes as if they are an accurate generalization for a whole group |
| begging the question | the premises include the claim that the conclusion is true |
| false authority | claiming that a speaker is an expert when he/she is not |
| slippery slope | assuming that some event must inevitably follow another |
| equivocation | using a term in more than one way within a single argument |
| oversimplification | covering up relevant complexities by oversimplifying |
| double standard | using two different standards to compare people/situations/objects |
| either/or reasoning | unfairly presenting only two choices for a position/opinion |
| smoke screen | obscuring the main point or covering up counter evidence with too many details |
| Dicto simpliciter | an argument based on an unqualified generalization |
| Contradictory Premises | the premises of an argument contradict each other |
| Ad Misercordium | not directly answering a question but appealing to emotions |
| Hypothesis contrary | starting with a hypothesis that is not true and then drawing a conclusion fro mit. |
| Poisoning the well | abusing something/someone to an audience before they've had a chance to present their argument |
| wanton | done/shown/used (etc) maliciously/unjustifiably; deliberate without motive or provocation; uncalled for. headstrong, willful sexually lawless; extravagantly luxurious |
| wastrel | a wasteful person, spendthrift. |
| wassail | a salutation/toast wishing health to a person: traditionally drunken with wine |
| winnow | to fan or stir the air as with wings in flying; to free grain from the chaff by allowing forced air to blow away impurities; to blow or fan; to subject to a process of separating. |
| xenophobe | someone who fears/hates foreigners and strange customs. |
| yaw | to go off on a tangent, to deviate from a straight course. |
| yeoman | an attendant,servant or lesser officer; a diligent dependable worker; (British) a farmer who cultivates his own land; a petty naval officer who has chiefly clerical duties. |
| zeitgeist | the spirit of time, general trend of thought/feeling characteristic of a particular time. |
| Zenith | The point at which the sun (or any other celestial sphere) is directly above it's observer |
| Zephyr | a gentle, mild breeze or the west wind. |
| Ziggurat | a temple of Sumerian origin |
| Tacit | something that is understood without being openly said/expressed |
| Tautology | using many (irrelevant) words to repeatedly express the same idea. |
| Temper | to soften/tone down, to moderate or mitigate, to bring to a proper/desirable state by mixing and blending (esp clay). |
| Tenebrous | dark, gloomy |
| Termagant | a violent, turbulent, brawling woman |
| Trenchant | keen, caustic,cutting, clearly/ sharply define, distinct; vigorous,effective,energetic |
| Turgid | swollen,distended,inflated,overblown,pompous |
| Turpitude | a vile, shameful or base character or act |
| Ubiquitous | omnipresent; existing/being everywhere esp. at the same time |
| ullage | the part of a container that is not filled or what is left in a bottle after wine has evaporated |
| Unctuous | excessively moralistic in an affected manner. Also can mean oily or greasy with a soapy feel. |
| Usurp | to sieze or take by force esp. without legal right. |
| vacuous | empty; lacking in intelligence or ideas; purposeless and idle |
| Vicissitude | a change or variation occuring in the course of something; successive, alternating, changing phases, interchange; mutation/ mutability |
| Virago | a loud, ill-tempered, scolding woman |
| Vortex | whirling mass of water, air or fire...whirlpool....tornado |
| Visceral | pertaining to the viscera (intestines,bowels) |
| Tempestuous | of or pertaining to a tempest; stormy, turbulent, windy, tumultuous. |
| Quixotic | extravagantly chivalrous, impractical, impulsive, visionary, romantic |
| Quotidian | daily, usual, regular, ordinary....reoccurring daily |
| Recapitulate | to summarize |
| Recondite | dealing with profound subject matter.arcane. beyond ordinary knowledge or understanding |
| Repugnant | distasteful, offensive, objectionable |
| Sanguine | cheerfully optimistic,hopeful confident....it can also mean reddish/ruddy or having to do with blood |
| Sinecure | an office or position requiring little or no work but that yields profitable returns. |
| Sophistry | a subtle, tricky, superficially plausible , but generally fallacious method of reasoning. A false argument. |
| Spurious | not genuine, authentic or true; not from the claimed, pretended or proper source; counterfeit....also can mean of illegitimate birth; bastard. |
| Stolid | unemotional, not easily stirred, impassive |
| Supercilious | haughtily disdainful or contemptuous |
| Remonstrate | to say,plead or protest, objection, disapproval |
| Rubicund | reddish/ruddy |
| Redolent | reminiscent of; having a pleasant odor, fragrant; |
| Subjugate | to bring under complete control or subjection; conquer |
| sesquipidalian | given to using long words; (of a word) containing many syllables |
| Syzygy | an alignment of three celestial objects...OR...a group or combination of two feet...OR...any two related things either alike or opposite |
| Meretricious | alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions;tawdy. pertaining to the characteristics of a prostitute. Based on pretense, deception, and insincerity. |
| Malapropism | Ridiculously mis-using words esp. when confusing words that sound similar. |
| Magnanimous | generous in forgiving an insult or injury; free from petty resentfulness or vindictiveness; high minded, noble...proceeding from or revealing generosity or nobility of mind |
| Metamorphosis | complete change from structure, substance appearance, character, circumstances--a form resulting from any change |
| Missive | (n) a written letter....or (adj) sent or about to be sent, esp. of a letter from an official source |
| Miscreant | (adj)depraved, villainous, or base..holding false or unorthodox religious beliefs; heretical......or (n)a person with these characteristics. |
| Moiety | a half or a part/share |
| Milieu | one's cultural or societal surroundings |
| nemesis | something that is a person can not conquer/achieve etc...an enemy/opponent |
| nihilsm | total rejection of established laws and other institutions....an extreme form of skepticism: the denial of all real existence or the possibility of an objective basis for truth. |
| Nostrum | quack medicine; medicine sold with false or exaggerated claims and with no demonstratable value...or a scheme theory etc. esp. one to remedy social or political ills. |
| Nonsectarian | Not affiliated with a particular religion or party |
| Obstreperous | Resisting control or restraint in a difficult matter; unruly....noisy,clamorous, boisterous. |
| Oligarchy | A form of government in which all power id vested in a few persons or a dominant class/clique; government by few; a state or organization so ruled; the persons/class so ruling. |
| Obdurate | unmoved by persuasion,pity or tender feelings; stubborn, un-yielding; stubborn ly resistant in moral influence; persistently impenitint. |
| Obsequious | Characterized by or showing servile complaisance or deference; fawning...servilely compliant; dutiful, obedient. |
| Obtuse | Not quick or alert in perception, feeling or intellect; not sensitive or observant; dull..not sharp, not acute, not pointed. Blunt i form...indistinctly perceived or felt (as in pain or sound) |
| Onerous | burdensome,oppresive,troublesome; causing hardship...having or involving obligations or responsibilities esp. legal ones that out weigh the advantages. |
| Ostensible | Outwardly appearing as such; professed; pretended...apparent, evident or conspicuous |
| Orthography | The art of spelling correctly |
| Pilloried | To expose to public derision, ridicule or abuse...or...a wooden framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and hands, formerly used to expose an offender to public derision. |
| Paradigm | an example serving as a model or pattern |
| Pecuniary | of or pertaining to money |
| Penumbra | a partial or imperfect shadow, an indefinite or marginal area |
| Peculate | to steal or take dishonestly; embezzle |
| Promulgate | to make shown by open declaration; publish; proclaim formally publish; to set forth of teach publicaly. |
| Parsimony | Unusual of excessive frugality; stinginess |
| Proscriptive | The act of proscribing; the state of being proscribed...outlawry, interdiction or prohibited. |
| Palliate | to alleviate without remedying. To relive or lessen without curing....or to try to mitigate or conceal the gravity of an offense by excuses, apologies etc. |
| Parse | To analyze in terms of grammatical constituents, identifying the parts of speech, syntactic relations etc. |
| Peccant | sinning, guilty of moral offense...violating a rule, principle or established practice;faulty, wrong |
| Pedestrian | (n)a person who travels on foot...or....(adj)lacking in vitality, imagination, distinction...commonplace, prosaic, dull. |
| Pejorative | having a disparaging, belittling, derogatory effect or force |
| Propinquity | physical nearness or nearness in time; proximity; nearness of relation (ie kin) |
| Prevaricate | to speak falsely or misleadingly. To deliberately mis-state or create an incorrect impression;lie |
| Prosiac | of or like prose, dull, commonplace, matter-of-fact, unimaginative. |
| Preternatural | out of the ordinary course of nature, exceptional or abnormal, supernatural |
| Punctilious | extremely attentive to minute details; meticulous, strict or exact in the observance of formalities/ amenities of conduct or action. |
| Jejune | without interest or significance, juvenile, immature, uninformed, lacking, not valuable. |
| Jeremiad | prolonged lamentation or mournful complaint; a literary work that prophesying doom. |
| Jingo | a person who excessively expresses their patriotism |
| Lachrymose | tearful, causing tears, mournful, given to shedding tears readily. |
| Juxtaposition | the act of placing two things side by side for the sake of comparison |
| Kowtow | To act in an obsequious, fawning, servile manner; the Chinese custom of touching one's forehead to the ground |
| Koan | a puzzling or paradoxical question meant to be meditated upon. a profound, illuminating question. |
| Laconic | using few words, but expressing much. Concise. |
| Laissez faire | doctrine that gov. shouldn't interfere with commercial affairs; the practice of non-interference of government in economics |
| Lexicon | a word book; vocab of a particular language,class,person (etc) |
| Loquacious | talking or tending to talk much or freely, talkative, chattering, babbling |
| Lucubrate | to study laboriously especially at night |
| Lugubrious | mournful, dismal, gloomy, esp. in am affected, exaggerated or unrelieved manner |
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