US HISTORY Unit 4
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muller15039 on October 20, 2010
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Vocab Words for US HISTORY
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73 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Compromise of 1850 | Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, Made popular sovereignty in most other states from Mexican- American War |
| Fugitive Slave Act | a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders |
| Middle passage | the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade |
| Chattel slavery | ownership of human beings; a system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought as sold like property. |
| Forms of rebellion | In the 1950s, both the beat movement and rock 'n' roll were viewed as |
| Missouri Compromise | an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories |
| Mexican War and Mexican Cession | after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000 |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | written by harriet beecher stowe in 1853 that highly influenced england's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896) |
| Popular Sovereignty | The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | This Act set up Kansas and Nebraska as states. Each state would use popular sovereignty to decide what to do about slavery. People who were proslavery and antislavery moved to Kansas, but some antislavery settlers were against the Act. This began guerrilla warfare. |
| Stephen Douglas | Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, argues in favor of popular sovereignty |
| Bleeding Kansas | Term referring to bloodshed over popular sovereignty in a particular western territory |
| Bleeding Sumner | Charles Sumner, against slavery; Preston Brooks beat Sumner with a cane, pro slavery preston brooks beat sumner with a cane |
| Dred Scott Decision | Landmark court decision that ruled that slaves were property and antislavery laws were unconstitutional |
| Raid at Harpers Ferry | John Brown led a group of followers to the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in VA. He thought enslaved African Americans would revolt. However Robert E. Lee's troops caputred Brown and killed 10 raiders |
| Know Nothing Party | When people were asked about this party thehy would say i know nothing |
| Republican Party | Political party that believed in the non-expansion of slavery and comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers |
| Election of 1860 | The election in which Abraham Lincoln was first elected President due to the schism of the Democrats. Caused a chain reaction of southern states to secede from the Union since they were afraid of Lincoln's policies. |
| Abraham Lincoln | U.S. statesmen, 16th president. Led Union to victory in Civil War. Assassinated. Sometimes called "Honest Abe". |
| Secession | the withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War |
| Upper South States | Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia. |
| Lower South States | Texas, Lousiana, Mississippi, A;abama, Georgia, South Carolina, Florida. |
| Border States | States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede. |
| Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War |
| Preston Brooks | Responsible for beating radical republican Charles Sumner with his cane |
| Charles Sumner | Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks |
| Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 |
| Lincoln-Douglas Debates | does not want to see any further slavery. Saw slavery as an expanding institution and wanting more territory. Sees a moral issue with slavery. |
| Anaconda Plan | Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south |
| Clara Barton | Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross |
| Army of Northern Virginia | major confederate army. number one task was to protect Richmond. |
| Army of Potomac | Commanded first by Hooker and later by George C. Meade. |
| Draft riots | were a series of violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War |
| General Ulysses S. Grant | Was 18 president and the toughest general ever in the union army. He was fearless and won many battles. but he would rather farm than be in the army. |
| General Robert E. Lee | Commander of Confederate Army. Great leader, Lincoln wanted him as the leader of the Union Army |
| General George McClellan | Cautious by nature, which made him a poor general because he did not like it fight.. Fought in the Mexican War. Replaced General Winfield Scott. Planned to capture Richmond, as it was the capital of the Confederacy and one of the few industrial cities in the South |
| General Stonewall Jackson | Lee's right-hand man/ shot by own man at the Battle of Chancellorsville |
| General William T. Sherman | he was sent out in 1864 by General Grant to capture Atlanta, Georgia, an important city to the Confederates |
| General Benjamin Butler | Gov of MA, represented MA in house of representatives during war. during civil war occupied new orleans. policies: slaves were to be regarded as contraband in spite of fugitive slave act. butler's general order no. 28: any woman who insulted officer="woman of the town playing her avocation" aka prositute. postbellum: radical repub. wrote civil rights act of 1871 + proposed civil rights act of 1875 with charles sumner (though wasnt passed.) prominent role in impeachment of johnson. |
| Slave contraband | An item taken away from the enemy and used against them. Phrase that was commonly used to describe a slave the union captured. |
| Battle of Bull Run | first major battle of the civil war; fought in virginia in 1861; proved that the war was going to be long and costly. |
| Fort Henry and Fort Donelson | feb. 1862,TN, Grant captures these two forts on the TN river and Cumberland river |
| Antietam | the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free |
| Battle of Fort Wagner | Took place in South Carolina where the 54th fought bravely but lost the battle |
| 54th Massachusetts Infantry | First African American soldiers recruited by the Union and this regiment earned honorable mentions in US military |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North. |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Union gains control of Mississippi, Grant takes lead, total war begins |
| March to the Sea | Sherman's march to Savannah which cut off confederate supplies received by the sea |
| Lee surrenders | appomattox courthouse, said id rather die a thousand deaths than talk to Grant |
| Total war | the channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort |
| 13 Amendment | abolished slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws |
| 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude |
| freedmen | former slaves |
| Freedman's Bureau | (1865-72), during the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War, popular name for the U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, established by Congress to provide practical aid to 4,000,000 newly freed black Americans in their transition from slavery to freedom |
| Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves |
| Impeachment | a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office |
| 10% Plan | This was Lincoln's reconstruction plan for after the Civil War. Written in 1863, it proclaimed that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters in the 1860 election pledged their allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation, and then formally erect their state governments. This plan was very lenient to the South, would have meant an easy reconstruction. |
| Wade Davis Bill | bill passed by congress and vetoed by president lincoln that would have given congress control of reconstruction |
| Presidential Reconstruction | was the President's idea of reconstruction : all states had to end slavery, states had to declare that their secession was illegal, and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S. |
| Radical Reconstruction | Was a period in United States history, 1863-1877, that resolved the issues of the American Civil War when both the Confederacy and its system of slavery were destroyed |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Man behind the 14th Amendment, which ends slavery. Stevens and President Johnson were absolutely opposed to each other. Known as a Radical Republican |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th President of the United States |
| John Wilkes Booth | United States actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865) |
| Ku Klux Klan | founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American |
| Red Shirts | Garibaldi's army of 1000 red-shirted volunteers |
| White League | organization established to restore political powar to the pre-Civil War white democrats and did not hesitate to use violence to achieve that end ` |
| Election of 1876 | Ended reconstruction because neither canidate had an electorial majority. Hayes was elected, and then ended reconstruction as he secretly promised |
| Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river |
| Jim Crow Laws | Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights |
| Segregation | a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups |
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