Biochemistry Exam 2
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 epimer | Sugars that differ only by the configuration around one C atom |
| Pyranose | A sugar with a six-membered ring |
| aldehyde | A sugar forms a cyclic-hemiacetal by reaction between an alcohol and a/an |
| furanoses | A sugar with a five-membered ring |
| anomers | The pair of stereoisomers that differ in configuration at the carbony carbon (anomeric carbon): |
| aldonic acid | oxidation of an aldose converts its aldehyde group to a carboxylic acid group yielding a/an: |
| uronic acids | oxidation of the primary alcohol group of aldoses yields: |
| alditols | reduction of aldoses or ketoses using NaBH4 yields: |
| deoxy sugars | monosaccharide units in which an OH group is replaced by H |
| amino sugars | OH group is replaced by an amino group |
| Glycogen or amylopectin | Branched polymer of D-glucose α(1->4,1->6) |
| Cellulose | Polymer of D-glucose, β(1->4) |
| sucrose | Nonreducing disaccharide |
| Glycosaminoglycan | Linear polymer of uronic acid and hexosamine |
| Lactose | Reducing disaccharide |
| Chitin | Polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, β(1->4) |
| α-Amylose | Polymer of D-glucose, α(1->4) |
| glycosidic bonds | Polysaccharides consist of monosaccharides linked by: |
| sucrose | most abundant disaccharide |
| amylase | hydrolyzes that α(1->4) glycosidic bonds of starch (in saliva): |
| debranching enzymes | hydrolyzes α(1->4) and α(1->6) |
| heparin | occurs in the intracellular granulates of the mast cells |
| lectins | proteins that bind carbohydrates |
| 8 (hex=6 / 2 = 3 and 2^3 = 8) | # of stereoisomers for a ketohexose: |
| heparin | used for blood clotting |
| steroid | cholesterol |
| Prostaglandin H2 | Eicosanoid |
| Phosphatidylcholine | Glycerophospholipid |
| Saturated fatty acid | stearic acid |
| unsaturated | a fatty acid ending in -eic |
| Triacylglycerol | 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-stearoyl-glycerol |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | Oleic acid |
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