| Term | Definition |
|---|
| metabolism | the process of breaking down food and converting it into energy to be used by the body |
| synthesis | taking simple stuff and building stuff that is more complex |
| stimuli | allows the body to react/respond to the enviornment [heat, light, sound, vibration, odor] |
| energy | all organisms use and release |
| proton mass | 1 amu [atomic mass unit] |
| biotic factors | plants, animals, humans, bacteria, insects |
| abiotic factors | air currents, temperature, moisture, thunder, lightening, light, soil, water, gases in air |
| land, water, and atmosphere | the 3 parts of the biosphere |
| ecosystem | made up of biotic community & the abiotic factors that affesct it |
| habitat | the place where an organism lives |
| producer | make their own food by trapping sunlight & using it in photosynthesis |
| Primary consumer | cannot do photosynthesis, and must obtain nutrients from other organisms (eat producers) |
| Secondary consumer | cannot do photosynthesis, eat primary consumers |
| decomposer | break down the remains of dead organisms |
| saprobe | decomposer |
| photosynthesis | how producers get their energy |
| carnivore | eats only other animals |
| herbivore | eats only plants |
| omnivore | eats both plants and animals |
| food chain | shows the simple flow of energy from one organism to another (arrows point in direction of energy flow) |
| food web | interconnected network of food chains |
| pyramid of energy | organisms use up ~90% of the energy the take in, only ~10% of energy is passed on when they get eaten |
| pyramid of numbers | most organisms at the producer level, and the fewest at the secondary consumer level |
| mutualism | both organisms benefit |
| commensalism | one organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| parasitism | one benifits, and the other is harmed |
| lichen | an organism that has a mutualistic relationship with fungus and algea |
| pollution | contaminates the enviornment |
| atoms | all matter is composed of |
| homeostasis | regulation of steady life maintaining conditions inside an organism or cell despite changes in its enviornment |
| biosphere | the portion of earth that supports life |
| element | a substance that is made of atoms that are the same |
| compound | a substance composed of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined |
| melting | solid to liquid |
| energy of melting | absorbed |
| evaporation | liquid to gas |
| energy of evaporation | absorbed |
| condensation | gas to liquid |
| energy of condensation | released |
| freezing | liquid to solid |
| energy of freezing | released |
| sublimation | solid to gas |
| energy of sublimation | absorbed |
| chemical symbol | abbreviation of an element |
| chemical formula | uses numbers & letters to represent the substance |
| chemical equation | what happens in a chemical reaction |
| law of conservation of mass | matter cannot be created not destroyed |
| organic compound elements | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins |
| enzymes | made of proteins |
| dehydration synthesis | bonding of 2 molecules by removing a molecule of water |
| microscope | helped scientists develop cell theory |
| vacuole | stores nutrients/waste products, increases cell size during growth, regulates turgor pressure |
| chloroplasts | holds chlorophyll, process: photosynthesis *plant only* |
| cell wall | provides & mantains shape, protective barrier, made of cellulose |
| cytoplasm | holds organelles in place, and contains water and chemicals |
| nucleus | directs activities of the cell, contains genetic blueprints for a cell |
| mitochondria | releases energy, process: cellular respiration |
| cell membrane | protective barrier to keep out water, controles what goes in & out of the cell, made of proteins & phospholipids, 2 layers |
| ribsomes | makes proteins |
| centrioles | found in animal cells only |
| diffusion | when molucules/atoms move to a higher concentration to a lower one |
| reactants of photosynthesis | CO2, sunlight, and water [H2O] |
| products of photosynthesis | O2 and glucose [C6H1206] |
| reactants of cellular respiration | O2 and glucose [C6H1206] |
| products of cellular respiration | CO2, 36 ATP (energy), and water [H2O] |
| interphase | dna copies its self |
| prophase | chromo's thicken, nuc mem disappears, centrioles move to end of cell, spindle fibers form |
| metaphase | chromo's line up in middle of cell |
| anaphase | chromo's seperate & spindle fibers pull them toward end of cell |
| telophase | chromo's reach end of cell, spindle fibers disapear, nuc mem forms, cell mem pinches in, dividing into 2 cells |
| DNA | genetic material is made of |
| function of DNA | direct cell activities & has cell characteristics |
| A | T |
| G | C |
| T | A |
| C | G |
| chromosome | rod shaped structure made of DNA that becomes visible when cells begin to divide. DNA wrapped around protein |
| heredity | passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | scientific study of heredity |
| gregor mendel | father of genetics |
| dominant | an allele that overshadows another allele |
| recessive | an allele that gets overshadowed by another allele |
| purebred | an organism with 2 alleles that are exactly the same for a trait |
| hybrid | an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait |
| phenotype | the physical apperance of an organism |
| genotype | the genetic make up of an organism |
| paired alleles | traits are inherited in |
| asexual reproduction | when one organism can produce offspring by itself |
| sexual reproduction | when an egg is fertilized by a sperm |
| male sex cell | sperm |
| female sex cell | egg |
| 50% | probability the baby will be a boy |
| 50% | probability the baby will be a girl |
| pedigree chart | used to show alleles being passed down from one generation to the next |
| sedimentary rocks | most fossils are found in |
| oldest rock layers | at the bottom |
| newest rock layers | at the top |
| mutation | a change in the DNA or chromosomes of a cell. can be passed to offspring. some are harmless, some are harmful, and other are helpful |
| adaptation | a trait that makes an organism better able to live in an enviornment *some are caused by mutations* |
| darwins theory of evolution | natural selection |
| extinct | no more of this organism alive on earth |
| endangered | in danger of becoming extinct |
| cotyledon | a food supply for a baby plant, which is inside the seed. stores food while it is maturing. |
| evergreen | a tree that does not lose its leaves in the winter, and stays green all year round |
| decideuous | a tree that loses its leaves in the winter |
| roots | absorb water & minerals, anchors the plant |
| stem | has vascular tissue, provides support, holds leaves toward sun |
| leaves | do photosynthesis |
| flowers | attract pollinators, hold the reproductive parts |
| seeds | protects new plant, feeds the plant with cotyledon |
| fruit | spreads the seeds through pollination |
| pistil | female part, contains the stigma, style, ovaries |
| stamen | male part, contains the anther and filament |
| exo-therms | fish, amphibians, reptiles |
| endo-therms | birds, mammals |
| regeneration | when a part of an organism breaks off and becomes a new organism |
Combine with other sets
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