Absolute Monarchs HHS
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Created by:
seanymac on October 21, 2010
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Classes:
JUDICIAL JUNIORS, MRS. S. PATTERSON 2012-13
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Philip II | Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American Colonies. His duty was to defend Catholicism against the Muslims, Ottomans, and Protestants |
| Absolute Monarch | Kings or Queens who held all the power within their state's boundaries |
| Divine Right | The idea that God created the Monarchy and that the monarch acted as God's representative on earth |
| Edict of Nantes | Declaration of religious toleration |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Was the real power in France. Leader of the Catholic Church in France. Tried to increase the power of the Bourbon dynasty |
| Skepticism | Idea that nothing can ever be known for certain |
| Louis XIV | he established a strong absolute monarchy in France. He fought four wars in order to establish natural borders for France but forced his country into financial ruin. |
| Intendants | Government agents who collected taxes and administered justice |
| Jean Baptiste-Colbert | Minister of Finance under Louis XIV. Be lieved in the theory of Mercantilism. Tried to make France self-sufficient |
| War of the Spanish Succession | War fought by other European nations against France and Spain when those two states tried to unite their thrones |
| Thirty years war | A conflict over religion and territory and for power among European ruling families |
| Maria Theresa | Eldest daughter of Charles VI, the Hapsburg ruler. She decreased the power of the nobility, and also limited the amount of labor that nobles could force peasants to do |
| Frederick the Great | This was the Prussian king who embraced culture and wrote poetry and prose. He gave religious and philosophical toleration to all subjects, abolished torture and made the laws simpler |
| Seven Years War | war involving all european powers over territory; known as the french and indian war in the new world |
| Ivan the Terrible | (1533-1584) earned his nickname for his great acts of cruelty directed toward all those with whom he disagreed. He became the first ruler to assume the title Czar of all Russia. |
| Boyars | Land owning aristocracy in early Russia. |
| Peter the Great | Absolute ruler of Russia; Tried to westernize Russia by sending scholars to study in the west; Forced nobles to adopt western customs; Moved capital to St. Petersburg |
| Westernization | policy of Peter the Great. Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture |
| Charles I | Dissolved the English Parliament several times because they refused him money., Ruler of England who was tried and beheaded after his attempts to get rid of parliament led to a disastrous English Civil War |
| English Civil War | A war that broke out between the parliament supporters (roundheads) and the king's supporters (cavaliers). |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader who took power after charles I was beheaded; became essentially a military dictator. |
| Habeas Corpus | the right of an accused person to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence against him or her |
| Restoration | the reign of Charles II in England |
| Glorious Revolution | In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights. |
| Constitutional Monarchy | a monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation |
| Cabinet | a group of advisors or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions |
| Peace of Augsburg | Allowed German Princes to choose the religion for their territory |
| Reconquista | Campaign to drive all Muslims out of Spain |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Author of Don Quixote de la Mancha |
| EL Greco | His technique showed the deep Catholic faith that existed in Spain. Real name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos |
| Rembrandt | Greatest Dutch artist of this period. Used sharp contrasts of light and shadow to draw attention to his focus |
| Vermeer | Dutch artist who was also fascinated with the effects of light and dark. |
| St. Bartholomew's day Massacre | A 6 week nationwide slaughter of French Huguenots. |
| Descartes | Brilliant thinker who examined the idea of Skepticism. Heavily influenced modern day thinkers and helped to develop the scientific method |
| Cardinal Mazarin | Richelieu's successor. Hated by many people in France for increasing taxes. Help to end the Thirty Years war |
| Sun King | Nickname given to Louis XIV because of his extravagant lifestyle |
| Treaty of Utrecht | Helped to bring about the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. Did not allow the unification of the thrones of Spain and France |
| Ferdinand II | Holy Roman Emperor and Head of the Hapsburg family. Sent an army into Bohemia to crush a Protestant revolt |
| Gustavus Adolphus | Drove the Hapsburg armies out of Northern Germany |
| Junkers | Landowning nobility of Prussia |
| Frederick William | Known as the Great Elector, created a large standing army in Prussia, which at the time was regarded as the best army in Europe |
| Silesia | Austrian land wanted by Frederick the Great because it contained iron ore, textiles and food products. |
| Michael Romanov | Grandnephew of Ivan the terrible's wife Anastasia, began the long reign of the Romanov family |
| Grand Embassy | Peter's long visit to Western Europe to learn about European customs and manufacturing techniques to help westernize Russia |
| William of Orange | Prince from the Netherlands, who led an army to London to face James II |
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