| Term | Definition |
|---|
| respiration | breathing |
| respiratory failure | reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life. |
| respiratory arrest | when breathing stops completely |
| minute volume | the amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute. |
| dead space | areas of the lungs outside the alveoli where gas exhange with the blood does not take place. |
| With what can an EMT intervene when a patient has adequate breathing? | nonrebreather mask or nasal cannula |
| With what can an EMT intervene when a patient has inadequate breathing? | pocket face mask, bag-valve-mask, or FROPVD |
| With what can an EMT intervene when a patient is not breathing at all? | pocket face mask, bag valve mask, or FROPVD |
| adequate breathing | speaks full sentneces; alert and calm |
| increasing respiratory distress | visible short of breath; speaking 3-4 word sentences; increasing anxiety |
| severe respiratory distress | speaking only 1-2 word sentences; very diaphoretic (sweaty); severe anxiety |
| cyanosis | a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body |
| airway | the passageway by which air enters or leaves the body. |
| The structures of the airway | nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| patent airway | an airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference to the passage of air into and out of the body |
| head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver | a means of correcting blockage of the airway by the tongue by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Used when no trauma, or injury, is suspected. |
| jaw-thrust maneuver | a means of correcting blockage of the airway by moving the jaw forward without tilting the head or neck. Used when trauma is suspected to open the airway without causing further injury to the spinal chord in the neck. |
| ventilation | the breathing in of air or oxygen or providing breaths artificially. |
| artifical ventilation | forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate brething. Also called positive pressure ventilation. |
| pocket face mask | A device, usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patient's face. Also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient's breath or body fluids. Can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxygen inlet. |
| big-valve mask | a hand-held device with a face mask and self-refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial venilations to a patient. Can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system. |
| stoma | a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes. |
| FROPVD | flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device: a device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver artifical ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. Has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdelivery of oxygen to the patient. |
| oropharyngeal airway | A curved device inseted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway. |
| nasopharyngeal airway | A flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nose into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway. |
| gag reflex | Vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the beack of the pharynx. This is tied to the swallow reflex. |
| suctioning | Use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway. |
| hyperventilate | To provide ventilations at a higher rate than normal. |
| What are the conditions requiring oxygen? | Respiratory or cardiac arrest; Heart attacks and strokes; Shock; Blood loss; Lung disease; Broken bones, head injuries, and more. |
| hypoxia | insufficiency of oxygen to the body's tissues (fire, emphysema, OD on depressant, heart attack); AMS, cyanosis |
| oxygen cylinder | A cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure. |
| D cylinder | contains about 350 liters of oxygen |
| E cylinder | contains about 625 liters of oxygen |
| M cylinder | contains about 3,000 liters of oxygen |
| G cylinder | contains about 5,300 liters of oxygen |
| H cylinder | contains about 6,900 liters of oxygen |
| What safety precautions should you take when working with oxygen cylinders? | use pressure guages, regulators, and tubing that are intended for use; use nonferrous metal oxygen wrenches; ensure that vlave seat inserts and gaskets are in good condition; use medical-grade oxygen; open the valve of an oxygen cylinder fully, then close it half a turn; store reserve oxygen cylinders in a cool ventilated room; hydrostatically test every 5 years; never drop a cylinder; never leave a cylinder standing without being secure; never use around an open flame; never use grease, oil, or fat-based soaps on devices that be attached; never use adhesive tape; never try to move it by dragging or rolling it. |
| pressure regulator | a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure to a safe pressure for delivery of oxygen to a patient. |
| flowmeter | A valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute. |
| humidifier | A device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from as oxygen cylinder. |
| nonrebreather mask | A face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient's exhaled air escapes throug a valve and is not rebreathed. |
| nasal cannula | A device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils. |
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